Ezh
Ezh | |
---|---|
Ʒ ʒ | |
( Latin language | |
Phonetic usage |
|
Time period | 1847 to present |
Descendants | • Ƹ • Ǯ |
Sisters |
|
Writing direction | Left-to-Right |
Ezh (Ʒ ʒ) /ˈɛʒ/ ⓘ, also called the "tailed z", is a letter, notable for its use in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent the voiced postalveolar fricative consonant. For example, the pronunciation of "si" in vision /ˈvɪʒən/ and precision /prɪˈsɪʒən/, or the ⟨s⟩ in treasure /ˈtrɛʒər/. See also the letter ⟨Ž⟩ as used in many Slavic languages, the Persian alphabet letter ⟨ژ⟩, the Cyrillic letter ⟨Ж⟩, and the Esperanto letter ⟨Ĵ⟩.
Ezh is also used as a letter in some orthographies of
Origin
As a phonetic symbol, it originates with
In contexts where "tailed z" is used in contrast to tail-less z, notably in standard transcription of Middle High German, Unicode ⟨ʒ⟩ is sometimes used, strictly speaking incorrectly. Unicode offers ⟨ȥ⟩ "z with hook" as a grapheme for Middle High German coronal fricative instead.
Yogh
In
Numeral three
The ezh looks similar to the common form of the
In handwritten Cyrillic, the numeral ⟨3⟩ is sometimes written in a form similar to the ezh, so as to distinguish it from the letter ze ⟨З⟩.
Hiragana ro
Ezh looks similar to the syllabogram ⟨ろ⟩, which is the hiragana form of the Japanese mora ro.
Cyrillic ze and dze
The Cyrillic letter
However, Latin ezh and Cyrillic ze represent different phonemes: the former generally represents /ʒ/, while the latter represents stands for /z/. Cyrillic uses zhe ⟨Ж ж⟩ for the /ʒ/ phoneme.
Usage
Language orthographies
Trissino's reform did not prosper in relation to the ⟨z⟩.
In the IPA it represents the voiced postalveolar fricative consonant. For example: vision /ˈvɪʒən/. It is pronounced as the ⟨s⟩ in "treasure" or the ⟨si⟩ in the word "precision".
It is used with that value in Uropi.
It is used in the "International Standard" orthography, as devised by Marcel Courthiade for Romani.
It was also used in an obsolete Latin alphabet for writing Komi, where it represented [d͡ʑ] (similar to English ⟨j⟩). In the modern Cyrillic alphabet, this sound is written as "дз".
Also during Latinisation in the USSR was used in the project of Unified Northern Alphabet and other alphabets of the people of the Soviet Union during the 1920–1930s.
Ezh as an abbreviation for dram
In
Encoding and ligatures
The Unicode code points are U+01B7
for ⟨Ʒ⟩ and U+0292
for ⟨ʒ⟩.
The IPA historically allowed for ezh to be
- Dezh ⟨ʤ⟩ ligatures ezh with the letter D (U+02A4).
- Lezh ⟨ɮ⟩ ligatures ezh with the letter L (U+026E).
- Tezh ⟨Ꜩ⟩ (uppercase form ⟨TƷ⟩) ligatures ezh with the letter T (U+A728 for ⟨Ꜩ⟩ and U+A729 for ⟨ꜩ⟩).
Related obsolete IPA characters include U+01BA ƺ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL and U+0293 ʓ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL.
U+1DBE ᶾ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL EZH and U+1D9A ᶚ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK are also used for phonetic transcription.[2]
U+1D23 ᴣ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL EZH is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.[3]
U+1DF18 𝼘 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH PALATAL HOOK was previously used in the IPA[4][5]
Typing character
For Mac: Option⌥ + :, followed by Shift+Z or Z respectively.
See also
- Unified Northern Alphabet
- Reversed Ezh (Ƹ ƹ)
- Abkhazian Dze (Ӡ ӡ)
- Cyrillic Ze (З з)
References
- ^ Trissino, Giovan Giωrgio (1524). De le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua Italiana - Wikisource (in Italian). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
qui il z ha piu del c Lombardo, chε in Ӡona, Ӡoroaʃtro, Ӡephiro, meço, ε ʃimili
- ^ Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF).
- ^ Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF).
- ^ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).