Fabre d'Églantine
Fabre d'Églantine | |
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Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine (French pronunciation: [filip fʁɑ̃swa nazɛʁ fabʁ deɡlɑ̃tin], 28 July 1750 – 5 April 1794), commonly known as Fabre d'Églantine, was a French actor, dramatist, poet, and politician of the French Revolution.
He is best known for having invented the names of the months in the French Republican calendar, and for the song Il pleut, il pleut, bergère which is still a popular nursery rhyme today.
Early life
He was born in
A
Political activity
Fabre served as president and secretary of the club of the
After the death of
On the abolition of the
Execution and legacy
Early on the morning of 14 November 1793, the
The fraud that he spoke of regarding Fabre had been carried out in early October, when the French East India Company had been liquidated in accordance with the anti-capitalist legislation of the summer.[4] The decree had apparently been falsified so that the directors were blackmailed into turning over the half-million-livre profits of this exercise to the cabal of the Convention members responsible. In 1794, Robespierre had evidence of Fabre's criminality and he denounced Fabre for what he viewed as a particular heinous crime, criminality disguised by patriotism.
On 12 January 1794 Fabre was arrested by order of the Committee of Public Safety on a charge of malversation and forgery in connection with the affairs of the French East India Company. This struck a hard blow to the Montagnards and sent them on their way to extinction in the Convention. During his trial, d'Eglantine was asked to testify in his own defense and tried to twist the facts around, accusing other people, but was unsuccessful. According to legend, Fabre showed the greatest calmness and sang his own well-known song:
Il pleut, il pleut, bergère,
rentre tes blancs moutons.
Fabre died under the
According to a popular legend, Fabre complained bitterly about the injustice done to him on the way to the scaffold, whereupon Danton replied with supreme sarcasm: "Des vers... Avant huit jours, tu en feras plus que tu n'en voudras!" ("Before eight days have passed, you'll make more of them than you would like to"), where "them" (vers) can be understood as either "verses" or "worms".
A posthumous play, Les Précepteurs, using the themes of
Fictional accounts
- Fabre appears as a major character in Hilary Mantel's A Place of Greater Safety, a novel about the French Revolution.
- Fabre also appears as a secondary character in Emma Orczy's The Way of the Scarlet Pimpernel.[5]
Bibliography
- Les Amants de Beauvais (1776)
- L'étude de la nature. Poème à M. le comte de Buffon (1783)
- Augusta, tragédie en cinq actes (1787)
- Le Présomptueux, ou l'Heureux imaginaire (1790)
- Le Philinte de Molière, ou la Suite du Misanthrope (1791)
- Le Collatéral, ou l'Amour et l'intérêt (1791)
- Le Convalescent de qualité, ou l'Aristocrate (1791)
- Isabelle de Salisbury. Comédie nouvelle, héroïque et lyrique, en trois actes en prose (1791)
- L'Intrigue épistolaire (1792)
- Opinion de Ph.-Fr.-Na. Fabre-Églantine, député du département de Paris, sur l'appel au peuple, relativement au jugement de Louis Imprimée par ordre de la Convention (1793)
- Portrait de Marat (1793)
- L'Évangile des Républicains, précédé du rapport fait par le citoyen Fabre d'Églantine sur le nouveau calendrier décrété par la Convention nationale (1793)
- Calendrier de la république française, une et indivisible, au nom de la commission chargée de sa confection (1794)
- Discours (1) prononcé dans la Société, etc. (1794)
- Fabre d'Églantine à ses concitoyens, à la Convention nationale et aux comités de salut public et de sûreté générale. Précis apologétique [1794]
Published posthumously:
- Correspondance amoureuse de Fabre d'Églantine, précédée d'un précis historique de son existence et d'un fragment de sa vie écrit par lui-même, suivie de sa satyre sur les spectacles de Lyon et d'autres pièces fugitives. Tome II; Tome III (1796)
- Les Précepteurs (1799)
- Œuvres mêlées et posthumes, de Ph.-Fr.-Naz. Fabre d'Églantine. Tome premier; Tome second (1803)
- Mémoire d'une aventure en 1777 (2020)
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fabre d'Églantine, Philippe François Nazaire". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 118. The Britannica cites as its sources:
- Albert Maurin, Galerie hist. de la Révolution française, tome n
- Jules Janin, Histoire de la littérature dramatique
- André Chénier, Tableau de la littérature française; FA Aulard in the Nouvelle Revue (July 1885).
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the - Andress, David (2006). The Terror: The Merciless War for Freedom in Revolutionary France. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
- Andrews, George Gordon (1 January 1931). "Making the Revolutionary Calendar". JSTOR 1837912.
- Hampson, N. (1 January 1976). "François Chabot and His Plot". S2CID 159554090.
- Linton, Marisa. 2013. Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship and Authenticity in the French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Maslan, Susan (2005). Revolutionary Acts: Theater, Democracy, and the French Revolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- R. Bentley.
Notes
External links
- Fabre d’Églantine: Rapport sur le calendrier révolutionnaire (in French)
- Encyclopædia Britannica, Philippe Fabre d'Eglantine