Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2019) |
Automobiles | |
Revenue | PLN 10.6 billion |
---|---|
PLN 3.7 billion | |
PLN 4.3 billion | |
Number of employees | 20 500 (1996) |
Website | fso-sa.com.pl |
Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (transl. Passenger Car Factory), commonly known as FSO, is a Polish automobile parts manufacturer, and formerly an automobile producer of historic significance, located in Warsaw.
In 2011 the factory ceased production amidst the backdrop of the global crisis, but directly as a result of GM Korea's refusal to prolong the factory's licence to produce the Aveo. GM claimed that one of the reasons for breaking the cooperation with FSO was the entry into force of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement, which stipulated that import duties on cars imported from South Korea (then at 10%) were to be progressively eliminated.[1][2] Since then, FSO has been producing automotive sub-assemblies.[3]
Early history
The FSO plant was established in 1948 by the
In 1953, an in-house team started development of a smaller and cheaper to manufacture car resulting in FSO's second model, the two-stroke
125p and Polonez era
In 1965, the Polish government signed licensing agreements with the
In 1978, FSO introduced a new model called the Polonez, a 5-door compact car based on the updated FSO 1500 design. The Polonez was also exported to many markets under the FSO brand. This model was to initially substitute all variants of the original 1500, but in actuality the production of the latter continued all the way until 1991. Both models were updated and revised multiple times during their production period.
The Polski Fiat 125p production ended on the 26th of June, 1991. In total, 1,445,689 were manufactured. By that time, the design was 24 years old and used mechanicals which were essentially 30 years old, with only minor improvements.
Daewoo era
After the end of the
At first, Daewoo used FSO to assemble models such as
Meanwhile, in 1998, General Motors decided to build their own factory in Gliwice, and relocated the production of the Opel Astra to this facility. GM's assembly line at FSO was used for a short period to assemble the Opel Vectra for the Polish market and then shut down completely, ending the relationship with General Motors.
Post-Daewoo FSO
Daewoo went bankrupt in 2000 leading to an acute deterioration of FSO's position in the industry. Daewoo Motors was bought out by General Motors (and its Asian partners), but overseas manufacturing subsidiaries such as Daewoo-FSO were not part of the deal. Therefore, FSO became de facto independent again.
Through lengthy negotiations, the Polish government secured FSO the rights to manufacture and sell the Lanos and the Matiz until 2007. Nevertheless, FSO did not have the means to update the models, so they quickly became less and less attractive. Additionally, Daewoo's collapse caused buyers to become wary of Daewoo cars. FSO found salvation in the Ukrainian market, where Matiz and Lanos, assembled by the local partner AvtoZAZ, became very popular. In 2004, Daewoo-FSO was renamed FSO again.
During this period, the Polish government was actively seeking a new strategic partner for FSO, but no major automaker expressed interest. Finally, FSO entered talks with the British
Consequently, the UkrAVTO, the owner of ZAZ, became the only possible partner for FSO. The Ukrainian company gradually became a majority shareholder of FSO (84.31% of shares), while at the same time strengthening the cooperation between FSO and ZAZ. UkrAVTO suggested it would provide a new model for FSO to manufacture after the Matiz and Lanos licences had expired.
In mid-2006, the parent company of FSO, UkrAVTO, signed a licence agreement with General Motors to produce the Chevrolet Aveo (T250) saloon, and since July 2008, the 3 and 5-door hatchback. For the production of the Aveo a new company was formed, whose shareholders were FSO (60%) and GM (40%); FSO provided the plant, while GM provided the finances. The first Aveo rolled off the FSO plant on 11 July 2007.
The 100,000th Aveo rolled off the assembly lines on February 1, 2011. The licence for the production of Aveo expired in February 2011 and it was not resumed for the next generation model. By March 2011 more than 1,800 employees were made redundant and the land on which the factory was built was offered for sale.
Despite the sale of some of the assets, the company's authorities declared their willingness to start production within a few months of signing the contract with a potential investor, announcing the possibility of achieving the plant's performance of 250,000. cars a year. In August 2014, the president of FSO in an interview assured that despite the lack of production, the company's condition was good and it did not have debt, and even made a profit. The FSO capital group diversified its activities by producing exhaust systems,
Production history
- Warszawa 254,471
- Syrena 177,234
- Polski Fiat 125p 125p/FSO 1,445,699
- Polonez 1,061,807
- Daewoo Tico 126,369
- Daewoo Espero 20,573
- Daewoo Nubira 33,116
- Daewoo Tacuma 427
- Daewoo Leganza 3,969
- FSO Lanos461,655
- FSO Matiz152,363
- Chevrolet Aveo 126,622
- Cars assembled in FSO 73,376
- Special-12,800
Concepts and prototypes
- 1959 – Syrena Mikrobus van concept, the first minivan
- 1960 – creation of Syrena Sport, one of the few Polish post-war sports concept cars
- 1961 – Syrena laminate prototypes, the modern successor of Syrena 104
- 1964 – Warszawa 210 prototype
- 1966 – Syrena 110 prototypes, one of the first hatchbacks in the world
- 1971 – Polski Fiat 125p Coupe concept
- 1974 – FSO 1100 Coupe concept
- 1974 – Polski Fiat 125p convertible
- 1977 – Ogar, sports car
- 1981 – Polonez Pick-up 3-axis, with center-wheel drive
- 1982 – Polonez Sedan, based on the model 1300/1500
- 1982 – Polonez Long, 7-door saloon based also on the model 1300/1500
- 1985 – Wars, a modern family car
- 1994 – FSO Polonez Analog, 4×4 car
References
- ^ "Wyborcza.pl".
- ^ "FSO wstrzymuje produkcję, chce przeczekać kryzys".
- ^ Bankier.pl: lat od wyprodukowania ostatniego samochodu w FSO
- ^ "Koniec fabryki na Żeraniu?". Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
- ^ Drugie życie "na zakładzie". Jak klocki Lego i kanapki uratowały FSO