Facial skeleton

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Facial bones
The fourteen bones that form the human facial skeleton
The fourteen facial bones. (Neurocranium is shown in semi-transparent.)
  Blue: Vomer (1)
  Yellow: Maxilla (2)
  Purple: Mandible (1)
  Pink: Nasal bones (2)
  Red: Palatine bones (2)
  Bright blue: Lacrimal bones (2)
  Dark green: Zygomatic bones (2)
  Bright green: Inferior nasal concha (2)
Details
Part ofFace, skeleton
Identifiers
Latinossa faciei, ossa facialia
MeSHD005147
TA2356
Anatomical terms of bone

The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull.[1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium.

In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium, which comprises the

mandible and dermatocranial
elements that are not part of the braincase.

Structure

In the

human skull, the facial skeleton consists of fourteen bones in the face:[1][2]

Variations

Elements of the cartilaginous viscerocranium (i.e., splanchnocranial elements), such as the hyoid bone, are sometimes considered part of the facial skeleton. The ethmoid bone (or a part of it) and also the sphenoid bone are sometimes included, but otherwise considered part of the neurocranium. Because the maxillary bones are fused, they are often collectively listed as only one bone. The mandible is generally considered separately from the cranium.

Development

The facial skeleton is composed of

Chondricthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates, they are not replaced via endochondral ossification
.

Variation in craniofacial form between humans is largely due to differing patterns of biological inheritance. Cross-analysis of osteological variables and genome-wide

EDAR impacts chin protrusion.[3]

Additional images

  • Human facial skeleton. Front view.
    Human facial skeleton. Front view.
  • Human skull. Lateral view.
    Human skull. Lateral view.
  • Facial bones and neurocranium (labeled as "Brain case").
    Facial bones and neurocranium (labeled as "Brain case").
  • 3D model. Click to move.
    3D model. Click to move.

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-7817-1652-7
    . Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  2. ^ "Divisions of the Skeleton". U.S. National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. PMID 27193062
    .

External links

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