Fadzil Noor

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In this Malay name, there is no surname or family name. The name Muhammad Noor is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by their given name, Fadzil. The word "bin" or "binti"/"binte" means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
In office
1989 – 23 June 2002
Preceded byYusof Rawa
Succeeded byAbdul Hadi Awang
Personal details
Born
Fadzil bin Muhammad Noor

(1937-03-13)13 March 1937
Kampung Seberang Pumpung,
Religious teacher

Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Malaysia
from 1999 to 2002.

Fadzil became the Deputy President of PAS in 1982, when Yusof Rawa ascended to the party's presidency. The election of Yusof and Fadzil marked a victory for the party's conservative ulama faction. Both men wanted PAS to advocate for an Islamic state in Malaysia modelled on the one that had arisen in Iran following the 1979 revolution there.[2]

When Yusof resigned due to health reasons in 1989, Fadzil became PAS's President. He set PAS on a more moderate path, diverting from the hardline Islamism of Yusof's presidency. This involved reorienting the party's platform away from the propagation of religious doctrine towards a greater focus on social and economic issues such as poverty alleviation.

Keadilan, which made large gains in the 1999 election.[5] In the face of criticism from the party's conservatives, he justified cooperation with non-Muslim opposition parties by arguing that PAS's 'struggle for justice' was 'not only for the Malays, not only for the Muslims, but for all Malaysians'.[6]

Fadzil also set about infusing the party's youth ranks with urban professionals, such as

Hatta Ramli, Dzulkefly Ahmad and Nasharudin Mat Isa, to diversify the party's future leadership beyond religious clerics.[7]

Fadzil died on 23 June 2002 after undergoing heart bypass surgery.[8] He was succeeded as PAS President and leader of the opposition in Parliament by Abdul Hadi Awang.

He was an alumnus of Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt.[9]

Early life and education

Fadzil was born in Kampung Seberang Pumpung, Alor Setar, Kedah. He is the eldest of four siblings. His father's name was Mohd Noor Abdul Hamid and his mother's name was Hindun Haji Abdul Rahman.

His great-grandfather, Tuan Guru Haji Idris Al-Jarumi was a respected scholar who hailed from Pattani, Thailand.

He received his early education at the Derga Malay School (1945-1950) in Derga, Alor Setar and Maktab Mahmud (1951-1959) before furthering his studies at Al Azhar University, Egypt (1962-1967) majoring in Islamic law from. His higher-education was sponsored by the Kedah state government. In 1967, during his time in Egypt, he held the position of Secretary and Deputy President of the Malay Association in the Arab Republic of Egypt (PMRAM). PMRAM is the oldest association in the Middle East, it was officially established since 1930. The only Malaysian association in Egypt at that time, even before the government Malaysian embassy established in Cairo in late 60s.

Educational career

Upon returning from Egypt he taught at Maktab Mahmud and later as a lecturer at

Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
(PAS). He brought the case to court as the dismissal did not follow the correct channels. The court ordered UTM to pay damages and to reinstate Fadzil as a lecturer. Fadzil later resigned as a lecturer to pursue political activities full-time.

ABIM President

Ustaz Fadzil Noor had been the Information Secretary of the

Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia
(ABIM) (1973-1974) and ABIM Deputy President (1974-1978) and Secretary of the Malaysian Ulama Association (PUM) (1974-1976). ABIM actively spread books and writings of the Muslim Brotherhood such as Hassan al Banna, Syed Qutb and Jamiat Islami, Maududi. Some PUM leaders have also been prominent members of PAS including Ustaz Ahmad Awang and Ustaz Abdul Ghani Shamsuddin.

Fadzil Noor was appointed as President of ABIM when Anwar Ibrahim was arrested under the Internal Security Act 1960 in 1974 following the Baling Demonstrations caused by a famine in Baling.

Political career

Fadzil's political career began in

Semangat 46 and other Islamic parties called Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah
(APU). PAS was able to win an additional 6 seats in parliament and the APU won all of the 39 state legislate assembly seats in Kelantan.

In 1998, he was appointed as Chairman of Gerakan Keadilan Rakyat Malaysia. The organisation was set up by PAS, the Democratic Action Party (DAP), and the Malaysian People's Party (PRM). The organisation included 15 non-governmental organizations and various individuals and sought to uphold justice after the sacking of Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim as Deputy Prime Minister and his detention without trial under the ISA the same year by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.

In the

Parti Keadilan Rakyat) as part of the Barisan Alternatif coalition. In 1999 he was appointed Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia) in the Dewan Rakyat succeeding Lim Kit Siang
as PAS had become the largest opposition party in parliament.

Death

Fadzil died as a result of complications following a heart bypass surgery 23 June 2002. He was survived by a wife and eight children.[8]

Election results

Parliament of Malaysia
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1978 P006 Kuala Kedah Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		14,028 47.97% Senu Abdul Rahman (UMNO) 14,907 50.98% 29,243 879
Yaacob @ Salleh Abdullah (IND) 337 1.41%
1982 P009
Ulu Muda
, Kedah 		Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		11,711 43.40% Hashim Endut (UMNO) 15,271 56.60% 27,803 3,560 81.29%
1986 P008 Kuala Kedah, Kedah Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		14,035 46.74% Mohammad Abu Bakar Rautin Ibrahim (UMNO) 15,992 53.26% 30,775 1,957 72.13%
1990 P009 Pendang, Kedah Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		17,349 45.77% Othman Abdul (UMNO) 20,554 54.23% 38,768 3,205 82.57%
1995 P010 Kuala Kedah, Kedah Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		19,223 46.40% Zakaria Mohd Said (UMNO) 22,209 53.60% 42,612 2,986 74.23%
1999 P011 Pendang, Kedah Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		22,413 53.51% Othman Abdul (UMNO) 19,474 46.49% 43,292 2,939 81.08%
Kedah State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1982 N12 Bukit Raya Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		% Haji Safirol Haji Hasim (UMNO) % 346 %
Mohd Mokhtar Abdullah (IND) %
1986 N13 Bukit Raya Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		% Ahmad Zakuan Haji Ahmad (UMNO) % 2,215 %
1990 Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		% Syed Mansor Barakbah (UMNO) % 1,829 %
1995 N18 Bukit Raya Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		% Fadzil Hanafi (UMNO) % 2,414 %
1999 N15 Anak Bukit Fadzil Noor (
PAS
) 		8,480 56.08% Abdullah Hasnan Kamaruddin (UMNO) 6,640 43.92% 1,840 %

Honours

References

  1. ^ "Islam and Violence in Malaysia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  2. ^ Stark, Jan. "Constructing an Islamic Model in Two Malaysian States: PAS Rule in Kelantan and Terengganu". Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia (April 2004). Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  3. ^ Liow, Joseph Chinyong (2009). Piety and Politics: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia. Oxford University Press. p. 76. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  4. ^ Ahmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid (2006). "5". In Saw Swee-Hock (ed.). Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges. K. Kesavapany. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 110. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  5. ^ "The Passing of Datuk Fadzil Noor, a Great Malaysian". Aliran Monthly. Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  6. ^ Liow, Joseph Chinyong (2009). Piety and Politics: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia. Oxford University Press. p. 77. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  7. ^ Liew Chin Tong (1 January 2007). "PAS LEADERSHIP: New Faces and Old Constraints". Southeast Asian Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  8. ^ a b "Fadzil Noor, a Malaysian Islamist, Dies at 65". The New York Times. 25 June 2002. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  9. ^ "Death of PAS leader leaves party facing difficult decisions - Media Monitors Network (MMN)". Media Monitors Network (MMN). 8 July 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  10. ^ "Fadzil Noor - highly respected leader with a moderate outlook" (PDF). New Straits Times. Perdana Leadership Foundation. 24 June 2002. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
Political offices
Preceded by
Leader of the Opposition of Malaysia

1999–2002 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by President of the
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party

1989–2002 		Succeeded by
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