Fairmont Royal York
Fairmont Royal York | |
---|---|
Former names | Royal York (1929–2001) |
Record height | |
Tallest in the British Empire from 1929 to 1931[I] | |
Preceded by | Royal Bank Tower |
Surpassed by | Canadian Bank of Commerce Tower |
General information | |
Architectural style | Châteauesque |
Address | 100 Front Street West Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 1E3 |
Coordinates | 43°38′46″N 79°22′54″W / 43.646133°N 79.381561°W |
Construction started | 1927 |
Opened | 1929 |
Owner | KingSett Capital Inc. (60%) InnVest Hotels LP (20%) Ivanhoé Cambridge (20%) |
Management | Fairmont Hotels and Resorts |
Height | 124 m (407 ft) |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 28 |
Design and construction | |
Architecture firm | Ross and Macdonald; Sproatt and Rolph |
Developer | Canadian Pacific Railway |
Other information | |
Number of rooms | 1,363 |
Number of restaurants | 3 |
Website | |
www | |
Official name | Union Station Heritage Conservation District |
Designated | 27 February 2006 |
[1][2][3] |
The Fairmont Royal York, formerly and still commonly known as the Royal York, is a large historic
Opened on 11 June 1929, the
Location
The Royal York Hotel sits at 100
Located at the southern end of the Financial District, near
The hotel building forms a part of the Union Station Heritage Conservation District, a historic district surrounding Union Station. The creation of the historic district was through
the
Design
Architecture
Shortly after acquiring the property, Canadian Pacific Hotels, a division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, announced its plan to demolish the Queen's Hotel to construct a new hotel. The building was designed by a Canadian architectural firm, Ross and Macdonald, in association with Sproatt and Rolph. Both firms had designed buildings for Canadian Pacific Hotels before the Royal York Hotel.[6]
The building design went through several drafts before its final draft, "H plan," was adopted.
Along with traditional features found in most Chateauesque-styled hotels, the building also incorporated an Art Deco setback and Romanesque-inspired decor.[6] The balanced design of the building (before the addition of the east wing) was achieved through the application of semi-neoclassical motifs, and groups of arcaded windows.[9] The interior of the building was largely created in an Edwardian architectural style.[6] Its interior features a number of crystal chandeliers, and a hand-carved wood lobby ceiling.[10]
The building stands 124-metre-tall (407 ft), containing 28 floors primarily made up of guest rooms and other hotel amenities. After the building's completion, it was briefly the tallest building in the British Empire, and Canada. The building would lose the record the following year, with the erection of the nearby Canadian Bank of Commerce Tower on King Street.
Work to enlarge the hotel commenced in 1957, and was completed in 1959. The new east wing expansion was designed by the architecture firm Ross, Patterson, Townsend, & Fish, in association with Charles B. Dolphin.[11]
Facilities
When the Royal York first opened, the hotel included 1,048 guest rooms and suites.[12] When the hotel first opened, it featured a telephone switchboard longer than 18 metres (60 ft).[13] As of 2014, the hotel expanded the number of its guest rooms and suites to 1,363.[14] Types of guest rooms include Signature or Luxury, along with an array of eight types of suites.[15]
In addition to lodgings, the hotel has several event spaces. The hotel features an entire floor of function rooms, primarily used for conferences.[15] A notable room at the hotel includes the Ballroom, which features an oil-painted ceiling from the hotel's opening.[15] The Concert Hall is another event space at the hotel that is outfitted with a Casavant Frères pipe organ.[16] With five manuals and one-hundred-and-seven stops, it was the largest pipe organ in Canada.[16] Another notable event space within the hotel is the Imperial Room, which was once used as a nightclub from the 1940s to the 1990s.[17] The space featured a stage at the north end of the room, a sunken floor with tables and a dance floor in the middle, and raised booths at the other end of the room.[18] The room is presently used as a meeting and event space, most often by the Empire Club of Canada.[19]
A number of rooms at the Royal York are also occupied by restaurants and other food-based services. The Royal York's kitchen was Canada's largest hotel kitchen when the Royal York first opened, capable of producing over 15,000 French
The hotel also operates a health club, which offers a number of amenities including an indoor pool with a skylight, a fitness centre, a whirlpool, a sauna, and steam rooms.[15][23]
In 1929, a tunnel was built under Front Street West, in order to provide guests of the hotel with direct access to Union Station.
History
The Royal York Hotel was not the first hotel built on the property, with the first hotel being built in 1843, known originally as the Ontario Terrace.[4] After the original hotel was refurbished in 1853, the building was renamed the Sword's Hotel, and then the Revere Hotel after a change in ownership in 1860. Thomas Dick bought the hotel back in 1862, renovated it again, and named it Queen's Hotel.[26] In 1874, the Queen's Hotel was purchased by Thomas McGaw and Henry Winnett, hoteliers of Upper Canada, who also owned the Queen's Royal Hotel in Niagara on the Lake, but when McGaw died, Winnett purchased the partnership from his estate in 1919 and in 1920 formed a limited liability company of which he was president, also later acquiring McGaw's interests in their hotels.[27][28][29] The Queen's Hotel was billed as "One of the largest and most comfortable hotels in the Dominion of Canada."[30]
After Winnett's death in 1925, his estate sold the Queen's Hotel to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), run by then-president Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty. Later, Canadian Pacific announced its intention to demolish the Queen's Hotel to build the largest hotel in the British Commonwealth on its site.
Construction on the new hotel began in 1927 and was completed in 1929. Named the Royal York, the new hotel cost $16 million when built.[31] The completed hotel featured over 1,000 guest rooms, each equipped with radios, private showers, and bathtubs, a library, a 12-bed hospital, and a 20.1-metre-tall (66 ft) telephone switchboard.[13] The hotel also operated St. George's Golf and Country Club as the Royal York Golf Club from 1930 to 1946, when the hotel's parent company, Canadian Pacific Railway, divested itself from the golf course property.[32]
The building was officially opened on 11 June 1929 by
From 1930 to 1935, a radio station operated from the hotel. Its call letters were CPRY (for "Canadian Pacific Royal York"). Broadcasting from the Imperial Room, CPRY programs were heard across the country.
From the 1940s to the 1990s, the hotel operated a nightclub known as the Imperial Room. It attracted top musicians and performers to the hotel from the 1940s to the 1990s, including Anne Murray, Buddy Rich, Count Basie, Doug Henning, Duke Ellington, Eartha Kitt, Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong, Marlene Dietrich, Pearl Bailey, Peggy Lee, Rich Little, Tina Turner, Tony Bennett, and Woody Herman.[17][40][41] The Imperial Room was also where Jim Carrey made his comedic stage debut.[42] The nightclub was later converted to an event space.[19]
The Royal York became a centre of political controversy during the
The hotel underwent an extensive renovation program in 1972 and 1973 to modernize its image. Called the Royal York Revelation, the program was overseen by the architects Webb Zerafa Menkes Housden (who also designed the Royal Bank plaza next to the hotel). The renovation cut a hole in the main-floor lobby for a spiral staircase, covered the marble pillars in the lobby with wood panelling, hung modern wall lamps and a chandelier, and replaced rugs with carpet.[38] The clock standing at the centre of the spiral staircase was donated by the Canadian royal family.[44] From 1988 until 1993, the Royal York underwent a $100-million restoration.
In 2001, the company which owns the hotel, Canadian Pacific Hotels, was reorganized into Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, adopting the name of the American company it had purchased in 1999. As a result of the company's re-brand, the Royal York was renamed the "Fairmont Royal York."[45] In 2007 the Royal York, along with a number of other Fairmont properties, were sold to Ivanhoé Cambridge, although Fairmont continues to manage the hotel.[46]
The official welcome and reception for the leaders of the 2010 G20 Toronto summit was held at the Royal York Hotel on 26 June 2010.[47] Due to its usage, the hotel was included in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's designated security zones for the G20 summit.[48] The hotel was used as a filming location for Red in 2010, standing in for a Chicago venue.
On 28 October 2014, it was announced the hotel's ownership was reorganized.[49] In a joint venture, KingSett Capital Inc. and InnVest Real Estate purchased 80 percent of the Royal York property from Ivanhoé Cambridge in 2014. As the venture's managing partner KingSett acquired a 60 percent share of the Royal York property, whereas InnVest acquired a 20 percent share of the property. Ivanhoé Cambridge maintained a 20 percent stake in the property's ownership.[14] Following the sale of the hotel, its new owners announced a C$50-million renovation of the hotel.[50]
Notable guests
Several notable guests have stayed at the Royal York. The hotel frequently serves as a three-to-four-month home for members of the film industry or newcomers to the adjacent financial core.
A number of heads of state, diplomats, and other foreign dignitaries have also stayed at the Royal York. During the 2010 G20 Toronto summit, the hotel housed eleven heads of state and heads of government.[52] Heads of state that have stayed at the hotel include Nicolas Sarkozy, the President of France, and Ronald Reagan, the President of the United States.[14] Other foreign dignitaries that have stayed at the Royal York include American Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and the 14th Dalai Lama.[14][52]
Royal family
As Ontario does not have a
The Queen usually had an entire floor reserved for her and her entourage, occupying the Royal Suite herself. The floors above and below the Royal Suite are vacated two weeks prior to the Queen's arrival and remain that way until her departure.[55] The hotel includes amenities and furnishings reserved exclusively for the royal family, including a private elevator to the Royal Suite. Furniture and hardware reserved for the royal family, including mattresses and toilets, are placed in storage when not in use.[55]
See also
- Architecture in Canada
- Hotels in Toronto
- Monarchy in Ontario
- List of tallest buildings in Canada
- List of tallest buildings in Toronto
References
- ^ "Emporis building ID 112668". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 28, 2016.
- ^ "Fairmont Royal York". SkyscraperPage.
- ^ Fairmont Royal York at Structurae
- ^ ISBN 1-4597-1093-2.
- ^ a b "6.3.2 Streetscape analysis" (PDF). Heritage Conservation District Plan. City of Toronto. 2006. p. 45. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ )
- ^ Kalman, Harold D. (1968). The Railway Hotels and the Development of the Château Style in Canada. University of Victoria Maltwood Museum. p. 21.
- ^ a b Hearn 2011, p. 138.
- ISBN 978-1-8618-9121-1.
- ^ a b Tattersal, Clare (9 April 2018). "Fairmont Royal York: Service Second to None". Real Estate Management Industry News. MediaEdge Inc. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ a b Hearn 2011, p. 151.
- ^ a b Bradbeer, Janice (9 March 2017). "Once Upon A City: The opulent landmarks of Sproatt & Rolph". The Toronto Star. Torstar Corporation. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4597-0754-2.
- ^ a b c d e Steve, Payne (28 October 2014). "Toronto's storied Royal York Hotel gets new owners". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "Hotel review: Fairmont Royal York, Toronto". London Evening Standard. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ a b Marks, Christopher. "Royal York Hotel Concert Hall". Pipe Organ Database. Organ Historical Society. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ a b Teotonio, Isabel (31 July 2013). "Louis Jannetta was Toronto's maitre d' to the stars". Toronto Star. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ Hearn 2011, p. 156.
- ^ a b Hearn 2011, p. 162.
- ^ Library Bar. Penguin. 2003. p. 133.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Sibonney, Claire (8 July 2008). "Toronto hotel boasts own honey from roof hives". Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Fairmont's Bee Sustainable Program". Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Chase the winter blues away at a local hotel pool". The Toronto Star. Torstar Corporation. 4 March 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ Hall, Loretta (2004). Underground Buildings: More Than Meets the Eye. Quill Driver Books. p. 46.
- ^ Rhodes, Suzann S. (2012). Guidebook for Understanding Urban Goods Movement. Transportation Research Board. p. 73.
- ISBN 0-88882-242-1. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ Globe and Mail, January 28, 1926, pp. 9, 10
- ^ Snider, Mary Dawson. ""A glimpse into the early days of the Queen's Hotel". Toronto Telegram, Jan. 5, 2013". www.billgladstone.ca. Bill Gladstone. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ Appleton, D. (1898). Appleton's General Guide to the United States and Canada. D. Appleton and Company. p. 28. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "The Queen's Hotel". The Independent. 6 July 1914. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "C.P.R.'s Latest Achievement" (PDF). Barrie Examiner. Barrie, Ontario. 20 June 1929. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-4597-0764-1.
- ^ Derek Boles (July 2, 2015). "Toronto Feature: Royal York Hotel". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ^ a b "Governor-General to officially open Royal York Hotel". Montreal Gazette. Montreal. 11 June 1929. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Largest hotel in Empire open in Toronto city". Montreal Gazette. Montreal. 12 June 1929. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ "For the Royal York". Montreal Gazette. Montreal. 12 June 1929. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ "A Behind-the-scenes Look at the Royal York Hotel". travelandtransitions.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ a b "The Royal York Hotel" (PDF) (Press release). Ontario Heritage Trust. May 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
- ^ Brickenden, Jack (11 November 2000). "Toronto landmark still a dazzler". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Hearn 2011, p. 13.
- ^ Hearn 2011, p. 159.
- ^ Hearn 2011, p. 161.
- ISBN 978-1-7716-2043-7.
- ^ a b Blizzard, Christina (20 April 2016), "See how the Queen lives at the Royal York", The Toronto Sun, Postmedia Network Inc., retrieved 12 September 2018
- ^ Jang, Brent (22 August 2001). "CP spinoff destined to put Fairmont on the map". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ "Caisse de depot to focus on three Quebec hotels after selling Toronto's Royal York and Hotel Vancouver". Financial Post. Postmedia Network Inc. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ "G20 Toronto Summit Program". G20 Information Centre. University of Toronto. 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ "Operational readiness and interoperability". 2010 G8 and G20 Summits RCMP led Horizontal Evaluation Report. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. January 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ "Royal York Hotel to get new owners". CP24.COM. 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
- ^ Jeff, Gray (28 October 2014). "Royal York sale to include extra $50-million for facelift". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Infantry, Ashante (26 August 2011). "Life at the Royal York". The Toronto Star. Torstar Corporation. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d Cummings, Debra (15 August 2011). "Spot TIFF's celebrity lineup at the Royal York Hotel". WestJet Magazine. WestJet. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ a b Mattels, Stephanie (9 September 2015). "TIFF 2015: Luxury hotels prepare decadent experiences for celebrities". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ Suen, Fan-Yee (11 June 2014). "Royal York bellhop talks about famous guests on hotel's 85th birthday". CTV News. Bell Media. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ a b c Connor, Kevin (21 April 2016). "An inside look at the Queen's Royal York suite". The Toronto Sun. Postmedia Network Inc. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ a b Cumberbatch, Aimée Grant (4 May 2018). "Meghan Markle's Canada: The new royal's favourite Toronto hangouts". London Evening Standard. 16 November 2018.
- ^ a b Boughner, Bob (10 December 2012). "Toronto's Fairmont Royal York a cozy hotel stay". The Cochrane Time-Post. Postmedia Network. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ "Charles and Camilla's tour of Toronto draws excited crowds". CBC News. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
Further reading
- Hearn, Christopher (2011). The Suite Life: The Magic and Mystery of Hotel Living. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-5548-8863-4.