Faiz Ahmad Faiz

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Faiz Ahmad Faiz
B.A., M.A.
)
Sialkot Murray College
  • Government College
  • Punjab University
    • Occupations
    Years active1935–1984
    WorksBibliography
    Political partyCommunist Party of Pakistan
    Criminal chargesRawalpindi conspiracy
    Criminal penalty4-year imprisonment
    Spouse
    ​
    (m. 1941)​
    Children
    RelativesShoaib Hashmi (son-in-law)
    Awards
    Writing career
    Language
    Genre
    Subject
    Literary movementProgressive Writers' Movement
    Notable works
    Military career
    Allegiance 
    Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
    (1945)
    Websitefaizfoundationtrust.net
    Signature
    Part of a series on
    Progressive Writers' Movement
    Members
    Urdu writers

    English writers

    Bengali writers

    Punjabi writers

    Hindi writers

    Kashmiri writers

    Marathi writers

    Notable works
    Related Organisations

    Faiz Ahmad Faiz

    Urdu: فیض احمد فیض pronounced [fɛːz ɛɦ.məd̪ fɛːz]; 13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984)[2] was a Pakistani poet and author of Punjabi and Urdu literature. Faiz was one of the most celebrated, popular, and influential Urdu writers of his time, and his works and ideas remain widely influential today in Pakistan and beyond.[3] Outside of literature, he has been described as "a man of wide experience", having worked as a teacher, military officer, journalist, trade unionist, and broadcaster.[4]

    Born in

    Pakistan Times and the Urdu daily Imroze.[6][7] He was also leading member of the Communist Party before his arrest and imprisonment in 1951 for his alleged part in a conspiracy to overthrow the Liaquat administration and replace it with a left-wing, pro-Soviet government.[8]

    Faiz was released after four years in prison and spent his time in

    downfall of Ayub Khan's government, and the Independence of Bangladesh, he worked as an aide to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, but exiled himself to Beirut after Bhutto's execution at the hands of Zia ul-Haq.[8]

    Faiz was a well-known Marxist and is said to have been "a progressive who remained faithful to Marxism."[9] Critics have noted that Faiz took the tenets of Marxism where Muhammad Iqbal had left it, and relayed it to a younger generation of Muslims who were considered more open to change, more receptive to egalitarianism, and had a greater concern for the poor.[10] Literary critic Fateh Muhammad Malik argues that while initially Faiz was more of a secular Marxist he eventually subscribed to Islamic socialism as his life progressed, as his poems getting more religious in tone over the years demonstrate, even suggesting that Faiz ultimately aimed for an Islamic revolution, having endorsed the 1979 Iranian revolution.[11]

    Faiz was the first Asian poet to be awarded the

    Pakistan Government conferred upon him the nation's highest civil award — the Nishan-e-Imtiaz — in 1990.[13][14]

    Early life

    Faiz Ahmad Faiz was born into a

    Emir of Imperial Afghanistan.[18] Khan was the son of a peasant whose ancestors migrated from Afghanistan to British India.[2] Khan worked as a shepherd as a child but was ultimately able to study law at Cambridge University.[2]

    Education

    Following the Muslim tradition, Faiz's family directed him to study

    Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and the Quran.[17][18] Faiz was also a Pakistan nationalist, and often said, "purify your hearts, so you can save the country..."[17] His father later pulled him from Islamic school because Faiz, who went to a madrasa for a few days found that the impoverished children there, were not comfortable having him around and ridiculed him. Faiz came to the madrasa in neat clothes, in a horse-drawn carriage, while the students of the school were from very poor backgrounds and used to sit on the floor on straw mats.[21]
    Faiz's close friend, Dr. Ayub Mirza, recalls that Faiz came home and told his father he was not going to attend the madrasa anymore. His father then registered him at the Scotch Mission School which was managed and run by a local British family.

    Faiz attended

    Muzaffar Ahmed who influenced him to become a member of the Communist Party.[17] In addition to Urdu, English, and Arabic, Faiz was also fluent in French and Persian.[22]

    Career

    Academia

    In 1935 Faiz joined the faculty of

    Pakistan Arts Council (PAC) in 1947.[17]

    Faiz was a good friend of Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko who once said "In Faiz's autobiography... is his poetry, the rest is just a footnote".[24] During his lifetime, Faiz published eight books and received accolades for his works.[24] Faiz was a humanist, a lyrical poet, whose popularity reached neighbouring India and Soviet Union.[25][self-published source] Indian biographer Amaresh Datta, compared Faiz as "equal esteem in both East and West".[25] Throughout his life, his revolutionary poetry addressed the tyranny of military dictatorships, tyranny, and oppression. Faiz himself never compromised on his principles despite being threatened by the right-wing parties in Pakistan.[25]

    Faiz's writings are comparatively new verse form in Urdu poetry based on Western models.

    Mirza Ghalib, assimilating modern Urdu with classical.[24] Faiz used more and more demands for the development of socialism in the country, finding socialism the only solution of country's problems.[25] During his life, Faiz was concerned with more broader socialists ideas, using Urdu poetry for the cause and expansion of socialism in the country.[25] Urdu poetry and ghazals influenced Faiz to continue his political themes as non-violent and peaceful, opposing the far right politics in Pakistan.[25] Faiz consistently faced political persecution for his revolutionary views and ideologies[26] and was especially targeted by the religious and conservative press due to his lifelong advocacy for the rights of women and workers.[6]

    Military service

    On 11 May 1942, Faiz was

    1947 Kashmir war with India, Faiz decided to leave the army and submitted his resignation in 1947.[23]

    Internationalism and communism

    Main article:
    Communism in Pakistan

    Faiz believed in

    Pakistan Times and in 1948, he became vice-president of the Pakistan Trade Union Federation (PTUF).[17] In 1950, Faiz joined the delegation of Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan, initially leading a business delegation in the United States, attending the meeting at the International Labour Organization (ILO) at San Francisco.[17] During 1948–50, Faiz led the PTUF's delegation in Geneva, and became an active member of World Peace Council (WPC).[17]

    Faiz was a well-known communist in the country and had been long associated with the

    State of Pakistan which he thought was consistent with his progressive thinking.[24] Faiz had long associated ties with the Soviet Union, a friendship with atheist country that later honoured him with high award. Even after his death, the Russian government honoured him by calling him "our poet" to many Russians.[24] However his popularity was waned in Bangladesh after 1971 when Dhaka did not win much support for him.[24] Faiz and other pro-communists had no political role in the country, despite their academic brilliance.[32][self-published source
    ]

    Although Faiz was a not a hardcore or far-left communist, he spent most of the 1950s and 1960s promoting the cause of communism in Pakistan.

    Major General Akbar Khan
    ). His involvement with the party and Major General Akbar Khan's coup plan led to his imprisonment later.

    Later in his life, while giving an interview with the local newspaper, Faiz was asked by the interviewer as if he was a communist. He replied with characteristic nonchalance: "No. I am not, a communist is a person who is a card carrying member of the Communist party ever made. The party is banned in our country. So how can I be a communist?...".[33]

    Rawalpindi plot and exile

    Main article: Rawalpindi conspiracy

    The

    mass protest to recognise Bengali language
    as national language.

    After

    Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, eventually settling in London, United Kingdom.[38]

    Return to Pakistan and government work

    Faiz in London in 1983.

    In 1964, Faiz finally returned to his country and settled down in Karachi, and was appointed Rector of Abdullah Haroon College.[18] Having served as the secretary of the Pakistan Arts Council from 1959 to 1962, he became its vice-president the same year.[24]

    In 1965, Faiz was first brought to government by the charismatic

    Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoIB) working to rallying the people of West-Pakistan to fight against India to defend their motherland.[18] During the 1971 Winter war, Faiz rallied to mobilise the people, writing poems and songs that opposed the bloodshed during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[39]

    In 1972, Prime minister

    Ministry of Education (MoEd).[17][24] Faiz continued serving in Bhutto's government until 1974 when he took retirement from the government assignments.[17][24]

    Faiz had strong ties with Bhutto and was deeply upset upon Bhutto's removal by

    Fair Play.[40] Again, Faiz was monitored by Military Police and his every move was watched.[35] In 1979, Faiz departed from Pakistan after learning the news that Bhutto's execution had taken place.[35] Faiz took asylum in Beirut, Lebanon, where he edited the Egyptian- and Soviet-sponsored magazine Lotus and met well-known Arab figures like Edward Said and Yasser Arafat,[41] but returned to Pakistan in poor health after the renewal of the Lebanon War in 1982.[42]

    Themes and writing style

    Faiz's early poetry focused on traditional tropes of romantic love, beauty, and heartbreak but eventually expanded to include themes of justice, rebellion, politics, and the interconnectedness of humanity.[19] Therefore, although many of Faiz's poems focus on themes of romantic love and loss,[43] most literary critics do not consider him primarily a romantic poet, emphasising that themes of justice and revolution take precedence in his extensive body of work.[44] Other critics see his poetry as an unconventional fusion of love and revolution that appeals to the new-age reader "who loves his beloved yet lives for humanity."[45]

    Faiz's poetry is replete with progressivist and revolutionist ideas and he is often referred to as "an artistic rebel."[46] He is widely considered the poet of the oppressed and downtrodden classes and is known for highlighting their poverty, social discrimination, economic exploitation, and political repression.[44] His poetry was heavily leftist as well as anti-capitalist in tone and ideas,[44] and his poems are almost always a reflection of his time, focusing heavily on the suffering of ordinary people.[46] Many of Faiz's poems also revolve around themes of home, exile, and loss, leading UCLA researcher Aamir R. Mufti to assert that one of the predominant themes in Faiz's poetry is the meaning, implications, and legacy of the partition of India.[47]

    Faiz's writing style is sometimes characterised as occupying a space between romance and love on the one hand and realism and revolution on the other.[45][46] Although he wrote prolifically on the topics of justice, resistance, and revolution, Faiz rarely allowed political rhetoric to overpower his poetry.[46] Not a proponent of the "art for art's sake" philosophy, Faiz believed that art that does not inspire people to take action is not great art.[46] Faiz's poetry often features religious symbolism inspired by Sufism and not by religious dogma.[46][48] Faiz's grandson, Dr. Ali Madeeh Hashmi, has asserted that he was particularly influenced by Sufi figures such as Rumi, that he regretted not having memorized more of the Qur'an, and that ideologically he proposed a form of Islamic socialism.[49]

    Faiz's prose works tend to be written in strict classical Urdu diction while his poetry is known to have a more conversational and casual tenor.[19] His ghazals are often hailed for skillfully infusing socio-economic and political issues into conventional motifs of the ghazal such as love and separation.[19] Critics have noted that many of Faiz's poems start by making the reader aware of dire socio-political realities but ultimately strike a note of encouragement and hope that desperate circumstances will inevitably change for the better.[45]

    Some critics have argued that verses written by Faiz in the final years of his life differ in tone and content from the poetry he wrote when he was younger, particularly the poems written while he was incarcerated. His later-stage poetry is said to be more universal in tone, possessing a greater urgency for change and action, and as being more explicit and forthright in its challenge to "decadent tradition."[9]

    Death and legacy

    Faiz's resting place in Model Town Graveyard, Lahore, Pakistan

    Faiz died in

    Nobel Prize for Literature.[42]

    Although living a simple and restless life, Faiz's work, political ideology, and poetry became immortal, and he has often been called as one of the "greatest poets" of Pakistan.[50][51] Faiz remained an extremely popular and influential figure in the literary development of Pakistan's arts, literature, and drama and theatre adaptation.[52] In 1962, Faiz was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize which enhanced the relations of his country with the Soviet Union which at that time had been hostile and antagonistic relations with Pakistan.[53] The Lenin Peace Prize was a Soviet equivalent of Nobel Peace Prize, and helped lift Faiz's image even higher in the international community.[53] It also brought Soviet Union and Pakistan much closer, offering possibilities for bettering the lives of their people. Most of his work has been translated into the Russian language.[53]

    Faiz, whose work is considered the backbone of development of Pakistan's literature, arts and poetry, was one of the most beloved poets in the country.[53] Along with Allama Iqbal, Faiz is often known as the "Poet of the East".[54] While commenting on his legacy, classical singer Tina Sani said:

    Faiz Ahmad Faiz... (was) like a comrade, his thoughts were soft but effective and inspired the classical singers as it did others in the plays we did... Faiz's poetry never gets old because the problems and situations in this country have not changed. Today we sing him because of his beautiful poetry, missing out on the reasons behind his poems that had predictions...

    — Tina Sani, commenting on the legacy of Faiz, [52]

    Accolades and international recognition

    Faiz was the first Asian poet to receive the Lenin Peace Prize, awarded by the Soviet Union in 1962.[55] In 1976 he was awarded the Lotus Prize for Literature.[55] He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize shortly before his death in 1984.[56] At the Lenin Peace Prize ceremony, held in the grand Kremlin hall in Moscow, Faiz thanked the Soviet government for conferring the honour, and delivered an acceptance speech, which appears as a brief preface to his collection Dast-i-tah-i-Sang (Hand Under the Rock):

    Human ingenuity, science and industry have made it possible to provide each one of us everything we need to be comfortable provided these boundless treasures of nature and production are not declared the property of a greedy few but are used for the benefit of all of humanity… However, this is only possible if the foundations of human society are based not on greed, exploitation and ownership but on justice, equality, freedom and the welfare of everyone… I believe that humanity which has never been defeated by its enemies will, after all, be successful; at long last, instead of wars, hatred and cruelty, the foundation of humankind will rest on the message of the great Persian poet Hafez Shiraz: 'Every foundation you see is faulty, except that of Love, which is faultless....

    — Faiz Ahmad Faiz, 1962, [35]

    In 1990, Faiz was posthumously honoured by the

    Urdu of the university, also in 2011.[59] The same year, the Government College University (GCU) presented golden shields to the University's Urdu department. The shields were issued and presented by the GCU vice-chancellor Professor Dr. Khaleequr Rehman, who noted and further wrote: "Faiz was poet of humanity, love and resistance against oppression".[54] In 2012, at the memorial ceremony that was held at the Jinnah Garden to honour the services of Faiz by the left-wing party Avami National Party and Communist Party, participants chanted: "The Faiz of workers is alive! The Faiz of farmers is alive...! Faiz is alive....!" at the end of the ceremony.[60]

    Personal life

    In 1941, Faiz became involved with

    Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case when she brought together the communist mass. Faiz and his wife have two daughters, Salima Hashmi and Muneeza Hashmi.[61]

    Translations

    Faiz's poetry has been translated into many languages including English and Russian.

    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime for opposing the government's policies. It was only published in 1980, after Zia-ul-Haq toppled Bhutto's government and freed all the political prisoners of his (Bhutto's) regime. Victor Kiernan, British Marxist historian translated Faiz Ahmad Faiz's works into English, and several other translations of whole or part of his work into English have also been made by others;[64] a transliteration in Punjabi was made by Mohinder Singh.[citation needed
    ]

    Faiz Ahmad Faiz, himself, also translated works of notable poets from other languages into Urdu. In his book "Sar-i Waadi-i Seena سرِ وادیِ سینا" there are translations of the famous poet of

    Mir Gul Khan Nasir, was also translated into Urdu by Faiz.[65][66]

    Bibliography

    • Aabshar (1944)
    • Daaman-e-Yusuf (1989)
    • Dast-e-Saba (1953)
    • Dast-Tah-e-Sang (1946)
    • Harf Harf (1965)
    • Humaari Qaumi Saqaafat (1976)
    • Intikhaab-e-Faiz Ahmad Faiz (1986)
    • Iqbal (1987)
    • Kalaam-e-Faiz (1979)
    • Kulliyaat-e-Faiz (1955)
    • Mah-o-Saal-e-Aashnaayi (1979)
    • Mata-e-Lauh-o-Qalam (1983)
    • Meezaan (1987)
    • Mere Dil Mere Musaafir (1982)
    • Naqsh-e-Faryaadi (1941)
    • Nuskha Ha-e-Wafa (1985)
    • Raat Di Raat (1976)
    • Saleebein Mere Dareeche Mein (1974)
    • Saare Sukhan Humaare (1982)
    • Sar-e-Waadi-e-Seena (1962)
    • Shaam-e-Sheher-e-Yaaraan (1978)
    • Sheeshon Ka Maseeha (1969)
    • Tafheem-e-Iqbal

    Plays, music, and dramatic productions on Faiz

    • "Hum Dekhenge" (ہم دیکھیں گے) by Iqbal Bano[67]
    • Sheeshon ka Maseeha (شیشوں کا مسیحا) by Omer Khawaja and Shabana Azmi.[68]
    • Dard Aayega Dabe Paon (درد آئے گا دبے پاؤں) by Sheela Bhatiya.[69]
    • Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam (کچھ عشق کیا کچھ کام) written by Danish Iqbal and staged by IPTA Delhi. This multi-media Stage Production was premiered at the Sri Ram centre, New Delhi on 11 November 2011. The Play is a Celebration of Faiz's Poetry and featured events from the early part of his life, particularly the events and incidents of pre-independence days which shaped his life and ideals. Directed by K K Kohli the musical Production featured Artists like Shamir Abadan, Jaishri Sethi, Dr Naseem, Izhar, Minhaj, Prateek Kapoor, Twinkle Khanna and Amit Bajaj in lead roles. The script was the first part of a Faiz trilogy written by Danish Iqbal on the occasion of the Faiz Centenary Celebrations.[70]
    • Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan (چند روز اور میری جان) – A dramatised reading of Faiz's letter and letters written by his wife Alys Faiz. This Production was initially done at the start of his birth centenary celebrations at India Habitat Center, New Delhi by Danish Iqbal and Salima Raza. 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' was also done at Amritsar Faiz Festival organised by Preet Ladi, at Punjab Natshala, Amritsar, on 6 October 2011. This time it was done by Suchitra Gupta and Danish Iqbal.[71]
    • 2011 Drama Festival of Delhi Urdu Academy is basically devoted to Productions about Faiz. Apart from 'Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam' by IPTA, Delhi and 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' by Wings Cultural Society,[citation needed] this Festival will also feature Plays by Peirreot's Troupe on Faiz, namely 'Jo Dil Pe Guzarti Hai'. The festival also presented, for the first time on stage 'Tera Bayaan Ghalib', directed by Dr Hadi Sarmadi and performed by Bahroop Arts Group,[citation needed] which was an adaptation of one of Faiz's few plays for the radio.[72]
    • Ye Dagh Dagh Ujala (یہ داغ داغ اُجالا) A profound piece of poetry, written by Faiz Ahmad Faiz inspires Raj Amit Kumar to make a film Unfreedom which was released on 29 May 2015 in North America. The idea behind Unfreedom came from the desire to express the lack of freedom in the socio-economic structure of India's contemporary times.[73]
    • Jatt and Juliet (یہ داغ داغ اُجالا )A profound piece of poetry, written by Faiz Ahmad Faiz inspires Raj Amit Kumar to make a film Unfreedom which was released on 29 May 2015 in North America. The idea behind Unfreedom came from the desire to express the lack of freedom in the socio-economic structure of India's contemporary times.[73]

    Faiz Foundation Trust and International Faiz Festival

    Created in 2009,[74] the Faiz Foundation Trust holds the copyright for all literary works of Faiz Ahmad Faiz.[75] It also runs a not-for-profit organisation known as Faiz Ghar (House of Faiz) with the mission to promote the humanistic ideas of Faiz as well as art, literature, and culture in general.[75] The organisation also houses Faiz's personal library and much of his memorabilia including rare photographs, academic diplomas, and his letters and manuscripts.[75] In 2015, the Faiz Foundation Trust launched the inaugural International Faiz Festival in collaboration with the Lahore Arts Council at Alhamra in Lahore, Pakistan.[76][77] Held regularly since then, the festival is aimed at promoting Urdu poetry, music, literature, drama, and human rights in Pakistan.[76][78][79]

    In popular culture

    A collection of some of Faiz's celebrated poetry was published in 2011, under the name of "Celebrating Faiz" edited by

    D P Tripathi. The book also included tributes by his family, by contemporaries and by scholars who knew of him through his poetry. The book was released on the occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary in the Punjab province in Pakistan.[80] A Faiz poem is read in the British 2021 television sitcom We Are Lady Parts. In Nawaaz Ahmed's novel, Radiant Fugitives, a Faiz poem is recalled as the poem that the mother, Nafeesa, recites during a college jubilee celebration that attracts her soon-to-be husband.[81] Faiz Ahmad Faiz was the greatest poet in Urdu poetry after Allama Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib
    .

    Faiz's poetic compositions have featured regularly on

    Season 12 featured the songs "Gulon Main Rang" (performed by Ali Sethi) and "Aaye Kuch Abr" (performed by Atif Aslam
    ).

    "Gulon Main Rang" which beautifully composed and performed by Mehdi Hasan, was later performed by Arijit Singh, for Bollywood movie Haider.

    See also

    • List of Urdu-language writers

    References

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    Further reading

    • Dryland, Estelle. "Faiz Ahmed Faiz and the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case." Journal of South Asian Literature 27.2 (1992): 175–185. Online
    • Faiz, Ahmad, Jamil Jalibi, and Fahmida Riaz AMINA YAQIN. "Variants of Cultural Nationalism in Pakistan: A Reading of Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Jamil Jalibi, and Fahmida Riaz." in Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia (Routledge, 2009). 123–148.

    External links

    Profiles and tributes
    Works
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