Faqīh

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Faqih
)

A faqīh (pl.: fuqahā,

Islamic Law
.

Definition

Islamic schools of thought

Ulema)[2] and implemented by the rulings (Fatwa
) of jurists on questions presented to them.

Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam. In the modern era there are four prominent schools (

Shi'a practice.[3]

The historian

makrūh) or neutral (mubah)".[4]
This definition is consistent amongst the jurists.

Methods of derivation

Methods of derivation are laid out in the books of uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of fiqh), and those evidences which are deemed valid for deriving rulings from are many in number. Four of them are agreed upon by the vast majority of jurists. They are:

These four types of evidence are seen as acceptable by the vast majority of Jurists from both the schools of

Zahiriyah or Literalists do not see Qiyas
as valid.

While Twelver Shia see edicts of the

Twelve
Imams as holding the same weight as the Quran and Sunnah, this is unacceptable by Sunni Jurists.

Conditions for being a faqīh

The faqīh is one who has fulfilled the conditions for

Twelver (Ithna Asheri) Shia view, each of their Marja'
have reached this level.

The faqīh who fulfills all conditions of Ijtihad is sometimes referred to as a Mujtahid Mutlaq or Unrestricted Jurist-Scholar, while he who has not reached that level generally will master of the methodology (Usul) used by one or more of the prominent madhhab and then able to apply this methodology to arrive at the traditional legal rulings of his/her respective madhhab. According to the Sunni Muslim website Living Islam, "There is no mujtahid mutlaq today nor even a claimant to that title."[5]

Below the level of Mujtahid Mutlaq is the Mujtahid Muqayyad or a Restricted Jurist-Scholar. A Mujtahid Muqayyad must pass rulings according to the confines of his particular

Shariah
and its entailing Laws and legal theory.

Iran

According to Article 5 of the

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the present time of the Major Occultation, the head of state that must administer the region (Vilayet) is required to be an Islamic jurist (Faqih).[7] He has to be god-fearing
.

See also

References

  1. ^ Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ^ .
  3. ^ Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira, 2001, p.141
  4. ^ Levy (1957). Page 150.
  5. ^ Haddad, GF. "What is the definition of a mujtahid mutlaq, and are there any today". livingislam.org. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  6. ^ The Sunni Path (15th ed.). Hakikat Kitapevi. p. 33. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  7. ^ "Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran".

External links

This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: Faqih. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy