Faqīh
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A faqīh (pl.: fuqahā,
Definition
) of jurists on questions presented to them.Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam. In the modern era there are four prominent schools (
The historian
This definition is consistent amongst the jurists.Methods of derivation
Methods of derivation are laid out in the books of uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of fiqh), and those evidences which are deemed valid for deriving rulings from are many in number. Four of them are agreed upon by the vast majority of jurists. They are:
These four types of evidence are seen as acceptable by the vast majority of Jurists from both the schools of
While Twelver Shia see edicts of the
Conditions for being a faqīh
The faqīh is one who has fulfilled the conditions for
The faqīh who fulfills all conditions of Ijtihad is sometimes referred to as a Mujtahid Mutlaq or Unrestricted Jurist-Scholar, while he who has not reached that level generally will master of the methodology (Usul) used by one or more of the prominent madhhab and then able to apply this methodology to arrive at the traditional legal rulings of his/her respective madhhab. According to the Sunni Muslim website Living Islam, "There is no mujtahid mutlaq today nor even a claimant to that title."[5]
Below the level of Mujtahid Mutlaq is the Mujtahid Muqayyad or a Restricted Jurist-Scholar. A Mujtahid Muqayyad must pass rulings according to the confines of his particular
Iran
According to Article 5 of the
See also
- List of Islamic studies scholars
- Grand Ayatollahs - Fuqaha throughout history
- Sanatul Fuqaha
References
- ^ Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ ISBN 9004110623.
- ^ Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira, 2001, p.141
- ^ Levy (1957). Page 150.
- ^ Haddad, GF. "What is the definition of a mujtahid mutlaq, and are there any today". livingislam.org. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ The Sunni Path (15th ed.). Hakikat Kitapevi. p. 33. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ "Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran".
- Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09182-4.