Far Eastern Front in the Russian Civil War

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During the

Russian Manchuria in Russia.[1]

Combatants

The fighting forces on the Communist side were the Red Army, Kuban Cossacks, Communist Mongolian militias, and the Far Eastern Republic. On the White side, there were local White Army units, pro-white Mongolian militias, Mongolian government forces, and the Beiyang Army. Allied intervention forces arrived which included 70,000 Imperial Japanese soldiers and 10,000 US Marines.[2][3]

The Japanese goals

During the

Ussuri River region all the way to Lake Baikal. In response to the Russians' establishment of the Far Eastern Republic, the Japanese backed the Provisional Priamurye Government
.

The U.S. aims

The United States was interested in helping Admiral Kolchak's government in

Eastern Front of World War I.[4]

Communist/Bolshevik Response

The Bolshevik effort in the Far East was the same as on the other fronts: to retake or hold on to territory of the former Russian Empire. The goal of the Russian SFSR was to stop the Allied advance into Siberia. The Soviets set up the Far Eastern Republic as a buffer state to hold off the White and allied armies.[5]

Mongolia

The war expanded into Mongolia as White armies in the far east retreated. While others retreated to Japan or China, some tried to hold on to Mongolia which was a Czarist allied state. As the war dragged on, Mongolians were forced to take sides. Some joined the Communists, either by entering their armies or forming militias to help fight the Whites. Others went with the Whites, as part of the puppet government's forces or militias.

Aftermath

In the aftermath, the Whites were forced into exile. The Americans left Siberia and the Russian Far East in 1920. Japan held it even after the Whites were defeated and would not withdraw until October 1922. With the war over, the Soviet government in Russia got to keep all of Russia's pre-war territories in the Far East. Future clashes over territory in the region would continue into the next decade, as seen during the Battle of Lake Khasan in 1938 and the Battles of Khalkhin Gol in 1939.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ "Энциклопедия Забайкалья". encycl.chita.ru. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  2. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Trickey, Erick. "The Forgotten Story of the American Troops Who Got Caught Up in the Russian Civil War". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  3. ^ Egorov, Boris (2022-01-19). "How the Japanese almost took away Russia's Far Eastern territories (PHOTOS)". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  4. ^ Egorov, Boris (2019-10-17). "When American and Soviet soldiers fought each other". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  5. ^ "Far East Republic - Red Press - The University of Chicago Library". www.lib.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  6. ^ Peck, Michael (2021-07-09). "Battle of Lake Khasan: The 1939 Battle that Doomed Japan's World War II Effort". The National Interest. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  7. ^ Micallef, Joseph (2019-08-27). "Japan Strikes North: How the Battle of Khalkhin Gol Transformed WWII". Military.com. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
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