Farnham
Farnham | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | Farnham | |
Postcode district | GU9 | |
Dialling code | 01252 | |
Police | Surrey | |
Fire | Surrey | |
Ambulance | South East Coast | |
South West Surrey | ||
Farnham (/ˈfɑːrnəm/)[2] is a market town and civil parish in Surrey, England, around 36 miles (58 km) southwest of London. It is in the Borough of Waverley, close to the county border with Hampshire. The town is on the north branch of the River Wey, a tributary of the Thames, and is at the western end of the North Downs. The civil parish, which includes the villages of Badshot Lea, Hale and Wrecclesham, covers 14.1 sq mi (37 km2) and had a population of 39,488 in 2011.[3]
Among the prehistoric objects from the area is a
In the late
The Farnham area has long been associated with the creative arts and with pottery making in particular. One of three campuses of the University for the Creative Arts is to the west of the centre and there are numerous works of public art on display in the town. Notable buildings in the civil parish include the ruins of Waverley Abbey and the 18th century Willmer House, now the location of the Museum of Farnham. Politician William Cobbett and writer George Sturt were both born in Farnham, as was Maud Gonne, the Irish republican suffragette. More recent residents have included the watercolour artist, William Herbert Allen, the Formula One driver, Mike Hawthorn, the England cricketer, Graham Thorpe, and the England rugby union captain, Jonny Wilkinson.
Geography
Farnham's history and present status are mainly the result of its geography; a combination of river, streams, fresh water springs and varied soils, together with a temperate climate, was attractive in prehistoric times. The geology of the area continues to influence the town, both in terms of communications, scenic and botanic variety and the main local industries of agriculture and minerals extraction. Farnham Geological Society is an active organisation in the town, and the Museum of Farnham has a collection of geological samples and fossils.[4]
Farnham lies in the valley of the North Branch of the
Climate
Farnham has a temperate maritime climate, free from extreme temperatures, with moderate rainfall and often breezy conditions. The nearest official weather station to Farnham is Alice Holt Lodge, just under 3+1⁄2 miles (6 kilometres) southwest of the town centre.
The highest temperature recorded was 35.4 °C (95.7 °F),[6] in July 2006. In an 'average' year, the warmest day would reach 26.3 °C (79.3 °F),[7] with 18.1 days[8] attaining a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or higher.
The lowest temperature recorded was −14.0 °C (6.8 °F)[9] in February 1986. On average, 57.7 nights of the year will register an air frost.
Annual rainfall averages 821mm,[10] with at least 1mm of rain reported on 126.0 days.[11] All averages refer to the 1991–2020 observation period.
Climate data for Alice Holt Lodge, elevation 115m, 1991–2020, extremes 1960- | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.7 (58.5) |
35.4 (95.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
2.4 (36.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
1.6 (34.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −13.6 (7.5) |
−14 (7) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−6 (21) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−14 (7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 89.7 (3.53) |
63.8 (2.51) |
54.3 (2.14) |
57.5 (2.26) |
51.3 (2.02) |
51.3 (2.02) |
52.2 (2.06) |
57.7 (2.27) |
60.9 (2.40) |
92.2 (3.63) |
99.8 (3.93) |
90.6 (3.57) |
821.3 (32.34) |
Average rainy days | 13.3 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 11.8 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 126 |
Source 1: Meteoclimat[12] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: https://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/2015/08/03/record-hot-to-record-cold-in-a-july-of-extremes/ |
History
Prehistory
Stone Age
Farnham's
Bronze Age
Occupation of the area continued to grow through the Bronze Age. Two bronze hoards have been discovered on Crooksbury Hill,[15] and further artefacts have been found, particularly at sites in Green Lane and near the Bourne spring in Farnham Park. A significant number of Bronze Age barrows occur in the area, including a triple barrow at Elstead and an urnfield cemetery at Stoneyfield, near the Tilford road.
Iron Age
Roman Britain
During the
The Anglo-Saxon period
In the 7th century, Surrey passed into the hands of
It was the
In 892 Surrey was the scene of another major battle when a large Danish army, variously reported at 200, 250 and 350 ship-loads, moved west from its encampment in Kent and raided in Hampshire and Berkshire. Withdrawing with their loot, the Danes were intercepted and defeated at Farnham by an army led by Alfred the Great's son, the future Edward the Elder, and fled across the Thames towards Essex.[21]
The Hundred of Farnham
A
In the 14th century, Farnham hundred was owned by the Bishop of Winchester and was one of the wealthiest on the bishop's rolls.[22]
See also, in this context:
After the Norman invasion
Farnham appears in
The town is midway between Winchester and London and, in 1138,
Farnham was granted its charter as a town in 1249 by
The Blind Bishop's Steps, a series of steps leading along Castle Street up to the Castle, were originally constructed for Bishop
The Black Death hit Farnham in 1348, killing about 1,300 people, at that time about a third of the population.[26] In 1625 Farnham was again subject to an outbreak of the plague which, together with a severe decline in the local woollen industry (the local downland wool being unsuitable for the newly fashionable worsted) led by the 1640s to a serious economic depression in the area.[27] Local wool merchants were, like merchants throughout the country, heavily taxed by Charles I to pay for his increasingly unpopular policies.
The Civil War
Against this background the
The following year, as the Royalists strengthened their position west of Farnham, the garrison at Farnham Castle was strengthened when it became the headquarters of the Farnham regiment of foot or "Greencoats", with some eight to nine hundred officers and men, supported by a number of troops of horse. Further reinforcement by three regiments from London, 4,000 strong under Waller's command arrived in Farnham that October prior to an unsuccessful foray to recapture Winchester from the Royalists. Eight thousand Royalists under Ralph Hopton (a former friend of Waller) advanced on Farnham from the west and skirmishes took place on the outskirts of town. Despite further reinforcement for Waller from Kent, Hopton's entire army gathered on the heathland just outside Farnham Park. There was some skirmishing but Hopton's men withdrew. Through the next few years Farnham was an important centre of Parliamentary operations and the garrison cost Farnham people dearly in terms of local taxes, provisioning and quartering; even the lead from the Town Hall roof had been requisitioned to make bullets. A number of local women were widowed following the pressing of local men into the militia. The bombardment of Basing House was by a train of heavy cannon assembled at Farnham from other areas and, in 1646, most of the garrison was removed from Farnham to form a brigade to besiege Donnington Castle near Newbury. The King surrendered shortly afterwards at Newark and a small garrison remained at Farnham.
In 1647, having escaped from custody at
Following the
Post-restoration
Farnham became a successful market town; the author
The radical MP, soldier, farmer, journalist and publisher William Cobbett was born in Farnham in 1763, in a pub called the Jolly Farmer.[30] The pub still stands, and has since been renamed the William Cobbett.[31]
The London and South Western Railway arrived in 1848 and, in 1854, neighbouring Aldershot became the "Home of the British Army".[32] Both events had a significant effect on Farnham. The fast link with London meant city businessmen could think of having a house in the country and still be in close contact with the office; Farnham thereby became an early example of a 'commuter town'. Also, the railway did not reach Aldershot until 1870; during the intervening period soldiers would be carried by train to Farnham station and then march to Aldershot.[33] Many officers and their families chose to billet in Farnham itself. The railway was electrified by the Southern Railway company in 1937 as far as Alton,[34] and a carriage shed for the new electric stock was built in Weydon Lane. This building, which carried fading camouflage paint for many years after World War II, was replaced in 2006.
In 1895 Farnham Urban District Council (FUDC) was formed.[35] In 1930 the council purchased Farnham Park,[36] a large park occupying much of the former castle grounds. That same year, St Joan of Arc Church was built on Waverley Lane, it was dedicated to St Joan of Arc because Farnham Castle was a residence of Cardinal Henry Beaufort who presided over the saint's trial.[37] The FUDC was abolished in 1973 by the Local Government Act of the previous year.[35] Farnham, together with Hindhead, Haslemere, Cranleigh and surrounding areas were absorbed into the new Waverley District Council (latterly Waverley Borough Council) with its headquarters in Godalming. In 1984 Farnham Parish Council became Farnham Town Council, taking on some of the minor roles of the former FUDC from Waverley.[38]
Transport
Rail
Roads
The
Buses
Farnham is served by several bus routes, the majority of bus services originate from Aldershot bus station and are run by Stagecoach.[44] The Waverley Hoppa provides demand-responsive transport for travel between Farnham and the surrounding villages.[45]
Air
The nearest airport for business passengers is
Recreational routes
Farnham is the western starting point of the
The southern suburb of Rowledge lies adjacent to the north western fringes of the South Downs National Park.
Economy
Farnham is a
Castle Street's market stalls have been replaced by semi-permanent "orangery" style buildings. Once a month a farmers' market is held in the central car park where produce from farms in Farnham and the surrounding area is sold.[49] The Farnham Maltings hosts a monthly market selling arts, crafts, antiques and bric-a-brac[50] with specialist fairs and festivals held there on a less regular basis.[51]
Public services
Public library
Farnham Library moved to its current site in the grounds of Vernon House in April 1990.[52] Refurbished in November 2005, it is a community lending library service run by Surrey County Council. The library is housed in the historic Vernon House at which King Charles I slept on his way to his trial and execution in London in 1649, commemorated by a plaque on the building wall.[53] The library features public gardens with sculptures provided by local artists and UCA students.[citation needed]
Museum of Farnham
The
The museum was founded in 1961 to provide the Farnham community with a collection dedicated to the history of the local area in an elegant Grade I listed Georgian townhouse which still retains many original features, including a walled garden. The displays include items from a large and eclectic collection; from archaeological artefacts to nationally important artworks by local artists and an extensive costume collection. The museum has a Local Studies Library.[citation needed]
Leisure and recreation
There are two main parks in Farnham town centre: Farnham Park and Gostrey Meadow. Farnham Park is adjacent to Farnham Castle. Gostrey Meadow is in the centre of Farnham, next to the river Wey, and includes a fenced children's play area. There is a skate park and leisure centre next to the town centre.
Hospital
Cemeteries
The town has four cemeteries, all maintained by Farnham Town Council: Hale Cemetery in Upper Hale; Badshot Lea Cemetery on Badshot Lea Road; Green Lane Cemetery and the West Street Cemetery.[58]
Tourism
The town has a number of attractive houses from various periods, and many passages which reveal hidden parts of the town including old workshops, historic cottages and hidden gardens. Farnham Castle was built by the Normans and updated over the years as the Palace of the Bishops of Winchester. The former Bishops' Palace of the castle is now a training and conference centre,[59] which also manages the keep, recently made more accessible by a Heritage Lottery Fund Grant.[60] The keep is open to the public, and organised tours of the palace are held weekly.[61]
Many of the places mentioned in the books of
Culture
Farnham has a strong association with the creative arts.
Entertainment
Farnham has an annual carnival, usually held on the last Saturday in June, organised by two charitable
The arts
Since Roman times the
The Castle Theatre in Castle Street was replaced by the Redgrave Theatre in 1974 which, itself, closed down in 1998 due to the decline of repertory theatre in England.[72] In 1998 'The New Farnham Repertory Company', now renamed Farnham Rep, was formed to carry on the tradition of repertory theatre in the town. The Farnham Theatre Association campaigns for a theatre in Farnham, either in the form of a restored Redgrave Theatre or a new building.[73]
The Maltings
Productions still regularly take place at the Maltings, which produces work and receives touring shows. Productions are occasionally held in the grounds of Farnham Library. Various genres of music are promoted at the Maltings, where there is a dance studio. The Maltings is a creative arts centre, catering for all ages, with workshops, clubs, groups and sessions involved in craft, theatre, music and writing, including Rock Choir, amongst others.[citation needed]
The New Ashgate Gallery
The New Ashgate Gallery is a non-profit, educational charity based in Farnham. It specialises in contemporary art and craft, organising a programme of exhibitions and projects with artists and makers. Established in 1959, the gallery is the longest running craft space in South of England and [74] was the first provincial gallery to showcase both local and international artists.[75] Architect Paul Archer designed a quarter-million pound redevelopment for the Gallery that was finished in 2004.[76] The gallery organises established platforms to present new work through exhibitions projects such as the Surrey Artist of the Year competition, organised with the Surrey Open Studios, the Hothouse, an early career maker support programme with the Crafts Council, and the annual, open call Rising Stars touring exhibition that provides information, guidance, networking and exhibition opportunities to emerging and graduating artists from the UK and internationally.[77]
Peter Pan
It was in Farnham, whilst living at Black Lake Cottage, a remote woodland retreat near Tilford, that J. M. Barrie was inspired to write Peter Pan.[78]
Bourne Wood
The nearby Bourne Wood is a popular film location appearing in Gladiator, Thor: The Dark World and Wonder Woman.
Education
Farnham has a broad mix of state, religious and private schools. There are eight infant schools, nine primary/junior schools, three secondary schools and two schools for pupils with special educational needs.[79] There are also four independent schools in the Farnham area.[80]
Farnham College (part of Guildford College) provides further education. The University for the Creative Arts at Canterbury, Epsom, Farnham, Maidstone and Rochester or UCA (a merger of the local Surrey Institute of Art & Design, University College and Kent Institute of Art & Design) provides higher education.
The area includes some of the top state schools (academies) in the country including South Farnham School, Weydon School and many others who consistently rank highly in school results year on year including South Farnham which has, more than once, been rated the best state primary school in the country based on exam results.[81] [82] [83]
Sport
There are various sporting facilities in Farnham of which the local leisure centre is one. The centre is run by DC Leisure on behalf of Waverley borough council.[86] The leisure centre was built in 1981 with a swimming pool and training pool, gym and main hall for team sports. The entire centre was refurbished in 2010, during which the swimming pool was lengthened by four centimetres to exactly 25 metres to allow galas to be held.[87]
The town is represented in the non-league football pyramid by
Farnham Swimming Club (FSC) was established in 1893 and is based at the Farnham leisure centre. The club is a member of Swim England and competes in the National, Regional and County Championships.
Farnham Cricket Club was established in 1782, originally playing in Holt Pound.[90] The current ground is at the edge of Farnham Park near the former moat of the castle.[90]
Farnham RUFC is based in Wilkinson Way. Farnham Archers have a ground in Elstead.
The Farnham and Aldershot hockey club runs six senior men's teams, four senior women's teams who play in the South, Hampshire and Surrey leagues.[91] Floorball hockey is regularly played by the adult team Southern Vipers FBC.[92]
Farnham has a public golf course which is next to the cricket ground directly behind Farnham Castle. It was designed by Sir Henry Cotton.[93] It is a nine-hole, par-three golf course.[93]
A horse named Farnham took part in the 1850 Grand National but was largely unregarded by the public and finished outside the first four.
Demography and housing
In 1901, the population of Farnham was about 14,000. Since the end of the
Output area | Detached | Semi-detached | Terraced | Flats and apartments | Caravans/temporary/mobile homes | shared between households[1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Civil parish) | 6,689 | 4,299 | 2,568 | 2,467 | 20 | 7 |
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.
Output area | Population | Households | % Owned outright | % Owned with a loan | hectares[1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Civil parish) | 39,488 | 16,050 | 37.0% | 37.6% | 3,652 |
The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).
Politics
Farnham is represented by councillors at a county, district and town level. Farnham is represented at Surrey County Council by three councillors from three county council wards: Farnham Central, Farnham North and Farnham South.[94] As of the 2021 election, all three of the sitting county councillors are members of the Farnham Residents party.[95]
As the town with the largest population in
Media
The Farnham Herald is the only newspaper exclusively for Farnham; published by
The local TV stations are BBC South & ITV Meridian, received from the Hannington & Midhurst transmitters. BBC London & ITV London are also received, from the Crystal Palace transmitter. Farnham is covered on BBC radio by BBC Radio Surrey (which covers Surrey & North-East Hampshire on 104.6FM).
Farnham is served by local social media groups including Facebook 'Farnham Rants' [100] which raises money for charity.[101] Also 'I Love Farnham - the original Farnham Facebook Group' [102][103]
Notable people
In addition to those mentioned in the text above, notable people born in Farnham include:
- William Willett, campaigner for daylight saving time (1856)
- George Sturt, writer and social historian (1863)
- Maud Gonne, feminist and activist in Irish politics (1866)
- John West, prominent missionary to Canada(1778-1845) was born in Farnham
- John Abraham Nuske, composer and guitarist, (1796–1865) was a "Printed Books and Music Seller" on West Street for at least 20 years during the mid-19th century
Notable Farnham residents include:
- John Verney (author), decorated war hero, artist and architectural conservationist lived at Runwick House from 1944 to 1976, two miles (three kilometres) outside Farnham.[104]
- Anthony Faramus, actor, author, hunt saboteur and concentration camp survivor lived in the town.
- John Henry Knight (1847–1917), who built the first British motor car and designed a number of innovative digging machines for use in hop fields, was born and brought up at Weybourne on the outskirts of the town.
- The Rev. John Macleod Campbell Crum, writer of the hymn Now the Green Blade Riseth, was Rector of Farnham from 1913 to 1928, and his daughter Margaret was born in the town in 1921.
- Actor Jim Sturgess was raised in Farnham (1981-).[105]
- The British intelligence officer Christopher Steele, known for compiling the controversial Steele dossier, lives in Farnham with his family.[106]
Actors and actresses
Notable sportspeople
- Cricketer "Silver Billy" Beldham (1766-1862) was born on the outskirts of town, in Wrecclesham. He played in Farnham Cricket Club's first match, against Odiham, when he was 16 years old[citation needed]
- Graham Thorpe (1969-) England cricket captain, was born in Farnham and played at the Farnham cricket ground
- Mike Hawthorn (1929-1959), driving for Ferrari, became the first British Formula One World Champion in 1958. His family moved to Farnham when he was two years old, so his father could be nearer to Brooklands race track
- Peter Richards(1978-) who was not born in Farnham, played for Farnham Rugby Football Club at mini level
- Joel Freeland (born 1987), international basketball player and NBA player for the Portland Trail Blazers, worked in Farnham as a shelf-stacker for a supermarket[108]
- Tom Pollitt (1900–1979), first-class cricketer and Royal Air Force officer
- Gilbert White (1912–1977), first-class cricketer and British Army officer
- Fran Wilson (born 1991), England Women's Cricket Player was born in Farnham
- Lottie Woad (born 2004) amateur golfer[109]
See also
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