Fascia
Fascia | |
---|---|
Details | |
Precursor | mesenchyme |
Identifiers | |
Latin | fascia |
MeSH | D005205 |
TA98 | A04.0.00.031 |
TA2 | 2015 |
FMA | 78550 |
Anatomical terminology |
A fascia (
Terminology
There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia" and how they should be classified.[4][5]
The current version of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists divides into[4]:
- Fascia craniocervicalis
- Fascia trunci
- Fascia parietalis
- Fascia extraserosalis
- Fascia visceralis
- Fasciae membrorum
- Fasciae musculorum
- Fascia investiens
- Fascia propria musculi
Two former, rather commonly used systems are:
- The one specified in the 1983 edition of Nomina Anatomica (NA 1983)
- The one specified in the 1997 edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA 1997)
NA 1983 | TA 1997 | Description | Example |
---|---|---|---|
Superficial fascia | (not considered fascia in this system) | This is found in the | Fascia of Scarpa |
Deep fascia | Fascia of muscles
|
This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. | Transverse fascia
|
Visceral fascia | Visceral fascia, parietal fascia | This suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes. | Pericardium |
Superficial
Superficial fascia is the lowermost layer of the
Superficial fascia is present, but does not contain fat, in the eyelid, ear, scrotum, penis and clitoris.[10]
Due to its
Visceral
Visceral fascia (also called subserous fascia) suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes. Each of the organs is covered in a double layer of fascia; these layers are separated by a thin serous membrane.
- The outermost wall of the organ is known as the parietal layer
- The skin of the organ is known as the
Visceral fascia is less extensible than superficial fascia. Due to its suspensory role for the organs, it needs to maintain its tone rather consistently. If it is too lax, it contributes to organ prolapse, yet if it is hypertonic, it restricts proper organ motility.[12]
Deep
Deep fascia is a layer of dense fibrous connective tissue which surrounds individual muscles and divides groups of muscles into fascial compartments. This fascia has a high density of
.Function
Fasciae were traditionally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body. An important function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles.[16] Fascial tissues are frequently innervated by sensory nerve endings. These include
Clinical significance
Fascia becomes important clinically when it loses stiffness, becomes too stiff, or has decreased shearing ability.[18] When inflammatory fasciitis or trauma causes fibrosis and adhesions, fascial tissue fails to differentiate the adjacent structures effectively. This can happen after surgery, where the fascia has been incised and healing includes a scar that traverses the surrounding structures.
Anatomical compartments
A
A fasciotomy may be used to relieve compartment syndrome as a result of high pressure within a fascial compartment.
See also
- Clavipectoral fascia
- Endothoracic fascia
- Extracellular matrix
- Interstitial cell
- Pectoral fascia
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Fascia (architecture)
References
- ^ "Definition of FASCIA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- OCLC 1201341621.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - PMID 30252294, retrieved 2023-05-16
- ^ a b "Terminologica anatomia humana. A04.0.00.031: fascia". ifaa.unifr.ch. International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
- ISBN 3-13-114361-4.It is acknowledged that the various definitions of fascia offered by recognised authorities do not enjoy universal agreement and all have varying deficiencies. These definitions currently fall short of an agreed, descriptive, fully embracing definition that would suit all interested medical agencies/researchers and allied disciplines (16).
- ISBN 0-387-98752-5.
- ISBN 0-387-98752-5.
- ISBN 0-939616-53-X.
- ^ Hedley, Gil (2005). The Integral Anatomy Series Vol. 1: Skin and Superficial fascia.
- ^ Norman Eizenberg, General Anatomy:Principles and Applications (2008), p 70.
- ^ Hedley, Gil (2005). The Integral Anatomy Series Vol. 3: Cranial and Visceral Fasciae (DVD). Integral Anatomy Productions. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
- ISBN 0-939616-53-X.
- ^ Hedley, Gil (2005). The Integral Anatomy Series Vol. 2: Deep Fascia and Muscle (DVD). Integral Anatomy Productions. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
- ISBN 978-0-7020-4430-4.
- .
- ^ Faller, A.; Schuenke, M. (2004). The Human Body. Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 127.
- ^ Schleip R "Fascia as an organ of communication". In: Schleip R, et al. "Fascia - the tensional network of the human body", Elsevier Ltd, Edinburgh 2012, pages 77-112.
- S2CID 4217127.
External links
- Fascia Research
- lesson1layersofbody at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)