Fashion doll
This article is missing information about the criticism modern fashion dolls are facing: sexism, and "they look too sexy".(July 2023) |
Fashion dolls are
Costumers and seamstresses use fashion dolls as a canvas for their work. Customizers repaint faces, reroot hair, or do other alterations to the dolls themselves. Many of these works are one-of-a-kind and are referred to as art dolls. These artists are usually not connected to the original manufacturers and sell their work to collectors.
Before 19th century
Pandora dolls
Fashion dolls may have been in use as early as the 14th century,[1] and from around 1642 onwards some were called "Pandora".[1] They were in use at European royal courts in the 16th century to show the tactile qualities of fashion which could not be incorporated into paintings or described to tailors in words. A letter dated 1515 and sent by Federico Gonzaga on behalf of King Francis I of France to his mother Isabella d'Este asks her to send a fashion doll to the French court so that copies of her style might be made for the women of France.[2] As an adult in Scotland, Mary, Queen of Scots owned dolls, called "pippens", which were dressed by her tailors, and may have been fashion dolls.[3][4]
In a treatise on collecting printed in 1565, Samuel Quiccheberg noted that princesses and queens sent each other dolls with details of foreign clothing.[5] In April 1604, Helena Snakenborg, Marchioness of Northampton had a doll dressed in the latest fashion in London to send to her sister Karin Bonde in Sweden.[6]
During the period of 1715–1785, Pandora dolls became more common and were manufactured and used by seamstresses, miliners, tailors and fashion merchants, and displayed in their shop windows and sent across borders to illustrate the latest fashion trends.
During the first half of the 19th century, fashion dolls were sometimes used to display fashion garments for clients before it was made in the salon of the milliner, seamstress or tailor, until Charles Frederick Worth introduced living human models in the 1850s.[9]
19th century
Bisque doll
The earliest bisque dolls from French companies were fashion dolls. These dominated the market between approximately 1860 and 1890.[10] They were made to represent grown up women and intended for children of affluent families to play with and dress in contemporary fashions.[10] These dolls came from companies like Jumeau, Bru, Gaultier, Rohmer, Simone and Huret, though their heads were often manufactured in Germany.[10] In the Passage Choiseul area of Paris an industry grew around making clothing and accessories for the dolls.[10] Child like bisque dolls appeared in the mid-19th century and overtook the market towards the end of the century.[10]
20th century and modern age
Cissy
The first American fashion doll, Cissy, was released by the
Marilú
Barbie
Barbie was launched by the American toy company Mattel in 1959, inspired by the German Bild Lilli doll. Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for fifty years.
Many fashion doll lines have been inspired by Barbie, or launched as alternatives to Barbie. Tammy was created by the Ideal Toy Company in 1962.[17] Advertised as "The Doll You Love to Dress", Tammy was portrayed as a young American teenager, more "girl next door" than the cosmopolitan image of Barbie.[17] Sindy was created by the British Pedigree Dolls & Toys company in 1963 as a rival to Barbie with a wholesome look.
Tressy
American Character Doll Company released their "Tressy" fashion doll in 1963 to compete with Barbie. Tressy was first sold as an 11½" fashion doll, and, after being acquired by the Ideal Toy Company, by the late 60s was sold as a larger pre-teen doll. Tressy featured a long swatch of hair that could be pulled out of the top of the doll's head by pushing a button on the doll's midriff; that mechanism allowed children the ability to comb the hair in a variety of styles. In the late 1960s and early 1970s Ideal released several other large fashion dolls with hair with adjustable length.
The
Fulla doll
Fulla is marketed to children of Islamic and Middle-Eastern countries as an alternative to Barbie. The concept of her evolved around 1999, and she hit stores in late 2003.[18]
Bratz
Bratz were released in 2001, designed by Carter Bryant and manufactured by California toy company MGA Entertainment.[19] They are distinguished by large heads with skinny bodies and lush, glossy lips.[19]
Later Mattel dolls
Mattel introduced the My Scene line in 2002 and the Flavas line in 2003 to rival Bratz.[20][21][22]
In 2010 Mattel launched the Monster High doll line, based on fantasy and horror monsters. Subsequently, they launched a spinoff in 2013, titled Ever After High, inspired by fairytales. In 2016, both lines went through a massive reboot and were discontinued soon after. Also in 2016, Mattel launched an animal-themed line titled Enchantimals; it was originally a spinoff of Ever After High but became its own line soon after.[citation needed]
Lamm dolls
In 2014, artist Nickolai Lamm unveiled Lammily,[23] a fashion doll based on Lamm's study comparing Barbie's figure with measurements matching those of an average 19-year-old woman.[24]
Asian dolls
Adult collectors
In the mid-1990s larger fashion dolls mostly marketed to adult collectors appeared. These include
See also
References
- ^ a b Gesa Stedman, Cultural Exchange in Seventeenth-Century France and England
- S2CID 161091249.
- ^ Genevieve Warwick, Cinderella's Glass Slipper: Towards a Cultural History of Renaissance Materialities (Cambridge, 2022), pp. 73-74: Sophie Pitman, 'Dolled Up', Serena Dyer, Jade Halbert, Sophie Littlewood, Disseminating Dress: Britain's Fashion Networks, 1600-1970 (London: Bloomsbury, 2022), pp. 28, 38-9.
- ^ Michael Pearce, Edinburgh Castle Research: The dolls of Mary Queen of Scots, Historic Environment Scotland, 2018
- ^ Sophie Pitman, 'Dolled Up: The Material Dissemination of Dress in Early Modern Europe', Serena Dyer, Jade Halbert, Sophie Littlewood, Disseminating Dress: Britain's Fashion Networks, 1600–1970 (Bloomsbury, 2020), 39: Mark A. Meadow & Bruce Robertson, The First Treatise on Museums: Samuel Quiccheberg’s Inscriptiones, 1565 (Getty, 2013), 84.
- ^ Sophie Pitman, 'Dolled Up', Serena Dyer, Jade Halbert, Sophie Littlewood, Disseminating Dress: Britain's Fashion Networks, 1600-1970 (London: Bloomsbury, 2022), 33: Janet Arnold, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (Maney, 1988), 157.
- ^ José Blanco F., Patricia Kay Hunt-Hurst, Heather Vaughan Lee, Mary Doering:Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe
- ^ Kate Nelson Best, The History of Fashion Journalism
- ^ Tom Tierney:Great Fashion Designs of the Victorian Era Paper Dolls in Full Color
- ^ a b c d e "A Brief History of Antique Dolls, Part II - About.com". Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
- ^ "Beatrice Alexander (1895-1990)". Jewish Virtual Library. 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- Página/12(in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-987-26042-0-2.
- ^ a b c d Vicky Salías, Daniela Pelegrinelli (26 October 2020). TCH "Muñecas. La educación del gusto". Invitada: Daniela Pelegrinelli (YouTube video) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Museo Nacional de la Historia del Traje. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ Pelegrinelli, Daniela (2017). "Prodigiosa Marilú. Marilú argentino-alemana. 1932-1939" (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones Razz. Retrieved 19 August 2023 – via Scribd.
Prodigiosa Marilú is a research project in development on the Marilú doll. This material presents a preview of that research on the period 1932-1939
- ^ Pelegrinelli, Daniela (2017). "Prodigiosa Marilú. Marilú argentino-alemana. 1932-1939" (in Spanish). Prodigiosa Marilú is a research project in development on the Marilú doll. This material presents a preview of that research on the period 1932-1939. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Razz. Retrieved 19 August 2023 – via Scribd.
- ^ a b Stephens, Kay (2004-10-10). "Doll collectors relive their childhoods with Tammy, not Barbie". Associated Press Newswires.
- ^ Khaleej Times Online.com. ""Pulla" - the Arab world's Barbie". Archived from the original on November 8, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
- ^ a b Margaret, Talbot (December 5, 2006). "Little hotties: Barbie's new rivals". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- ^ "Toys: Flavas Of The Week". Newsweek. August 4, 2003. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ "To Lure Older Girls, Mattel Brings In a Hip-Hop Crow". Wall Street Journal. July 18, 2003. Retrieved September 17, 2010. (subscription required)
- ^ "New Flava In Dolls: Barbies With Hip-hop Attitude". Sun Sentinel. July 30, 2003. Archived from the original on February 17, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
- ^ Wagstaff, Keith. "Meet Lammily, the Crowd-Funded 'Realistic' Alternative to Barbie". NBCNews.com. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- Today. Retrieved 8 March 2014.