Fashion in Iran
Fashion in Iran has a cultural and economic impact on the county of Iran. During the Pahlavi era around the mid-1930s, Western fashion was introduced to Persia and greatly influenced women's style. After the Iranian Revolution in 1978–1979, the hijab has become compulsory, which impacted the creation of clothing style.
History
Women's fashion
Attempts at changing dress norms (and perspectives toward it) occurred in mid-1930s when
A far larger escalation of violence occurred in the summer of 1935 when Reza Shah ordered all men to wear European-style bowler hat, which was Western par excellence. This provoked massive non-violent demonstrations in July in the city of Mashhad.[11][2][4][6][7][8][12] This decision by Reza Shah was criticized even by British consul in Tehran.[13] Later, official measures relaxed slightly under next ruler and wearing of the headscarf or chador was no longer an offence, but for his regime it became a significant hindrance to climbing the social ladder as it was considered a badge of backwardness and an indicator of being a member of the lower class.[9]
A few years prior to the
Before the
After 1979 revolution and the hijab
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Not covering new events -more about hijab-.(February 2023) |
In Iran, since 1981, after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the hijab has become compulsory. All women are required to wear loose-fitting clothing and a headscarf in public.[19][20] In the Islamic law of Iran imposed shortly after the 1979 revolution, article 638 of 5th book of Islamic Penal Code (called Sanctions and deterrent penalties) women who do not wear a hijab may be imprisoned from ten days to two months, and/or required to pay fines from 50,000 up to 500,000 rials.[21] Fines are recalculated in the courts to index for inflation. Article 639 of the same book says, two types of people shall be sentenced one year to ten years' imprisonment; first a person who establishes or directs a place of immorality or prostitution, second, a person who facilitates or encourages people to commit immorality or prostitution.[22]
The festivals of the
Protests against the compulsory hijab have been common since 1979, with one of the largest protests taking place between 8 and 14 March 1979, beginning on International Women's Day and a day after hijab rules were introduced by the Islamic Republic.[27] Protests against mandatory hijab rules continued, such as during the 2019–2020 protests, when protesters attacked a Guidance Patrol van and freed two detained women.[28]
In 2020, two representatives of Iranian government leader Ali Khamenei separately said that improperly veiled women should be made to feel "unsafe". The representatives later backtracked and said that their comments were misunderstood.[29] Among the general population, an independent survey conducted in the same year showed that 58% of Iranians did not believe in hijab altogether, and 72% were against compulsory hijab rules. Only 15% insisted on the legal obligation to wear it in public.[30][31]
Iran has an advanced leather industry for women's clothing, however, it needs technology development for export.[32]
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Common men's clothing in Tehran
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Reza Golzar, actor and model
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Fashion photography for sports outfit, near Milad Tower
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Persian model in Tehran (September 2018)
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An Iranian woman in 2019
Persian boots
Ancient Persians used to wear leather high-heeled boots. Both Persian women and men wore varieties of "tall" boots. In modern era, boot became a main and common footwear among Iranian women, and this influenced the Iranian fashion industry. The sale of women's boots in Iran was reported ten times more than men's boots in a report in the 2000s.[33]
One of the main features of Iranian women's fashion is wearing high-heeled boots. Although later hijab was considered to be the main feature.[33]
Agencies and models
There is a range of fashion models from Iran (or of Iranian descent) that have made it to a high-level fame, such as Nazanin Afshin-Jam, Farzan Athari, Sahar Biniaz, Mandana Karimi, Aylar Lie, Leyla Milani, Shermine Shahrivar and Sadaf Taherian.
Social media
Social media networks have played a significant role in increasing the income from modeling in Iran. The influence of Instagram in the expansion of fashion photography in Iran has been mentioned by the Iranian media.[34]
List of Iranian fashion designers
See also
- History of fashion design
- Chadors
- Headscarves
References
- ^ ISSN 0707-8412
- ^ ISBN 9780815602668
- ^ ISBN 9780521473408
- ^ ISBN 9780813021119
- ^ ISBN 9780844411873
- ^ ISBN 9780415302845
- ^ ISBN 9781860644269
- ^ ISBN 9781845112721
- ^ ISBN 9781859739242
- ^ ISBN 9780520255180
- ^ ISBN 9780415302845
- ^ ISBN 9780226041476
- ISBN 9780521528917
- ISBN 9780710091321
- ^ ISSN 1735-4730
- ISSN 1735-4730
- ISBN 9781859739242.
- ^ Abrahamian, Ervand (2008). A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 84, 94–95. ISBN 9780521528917.
- ISSN 1735-4730
- ISBN 9780815602668
- ^ "638". Book #5 of the Islamic Penal Code (Sanctions and deterrent penalties) (in Persian).
- ^ "639". Book #5 of the Islamic Penal Code (Sanctions and deterrent penalties) (in Persian).
- ^ "مسابقه ملکه زیبایی ایران در کانادا". رادیو فردا (in Persian). Retrieved 2020-06-19.
- ^ "ملکه زیبایی ایرانیتبار در شو تلویزیونی "آلمان میرقصد"". Deutsche Welle (in Persian). 2016-08-11. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
- ^ نیوز, اخبار روز ایران و جهان | آفتاب. "بازیگر ایرانی، دختر شایسته کانادا شد!؟ +عکس". fa (in Persian). Retrieved 2020-06-19.
- ^ "In Tehran, New Hijab Protester Led Off By Police". VOA. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
- ^ Thirty-five Years of Forced Hijab: The Widespread and Systematic Violation of Women's Rights in Iran (PDF) (Report). Justice for Iran. March 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Qiblawi, Tamara (20 February 2019). "Iranians attack police after women detained for wearing hijabs 'improperly'". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Fazeli, Yaghoub (5 October 2020). "'Improperly veiled' women should be made to feel unsafe, say Iran supreme leader reps". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ Maleki, Ammar; Arab, Pooyan Tamimi (August 2020). IRANIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD RELIGION: A 2020 SURVEY REPORT (PDF) (Report). The Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in IRAN (GAMAAN). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "The Observer view on the backlash in Iran following the death of Mahsa Amini". The Guardian. 25 September 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ "صنعت چرم کشور در انتظار توسعه فناوری". ایرنا (in Persian). 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
- ^ a b هشت هزار سال تارىخ پوشاک اقوام ايرانى - نسخه اصلاح و بهروزشده ۱۴۰۲ - ۴۵ تا ۵۶.
- ^ YJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | (22 January 2022). "مدلینگ گرایی؛ باتلاقی مدرن در نزدیکی جوانان/ ژست بگیرید تا کسب درآمد کنید!". fa (in Persian). Retrieved 2023-06-16.
External links
- Media related to Fashion of Iran at Wikimedia Commons