Fasudil
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AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Metabolites | Hydroxyfasudil |
Elimination half-life | 0.76 hours. Active metabolite (hydroxyfasudil) 4.66 hours. |
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JSmol) | |
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Fasudil (
It has been approved for use in Japan and China since 1995,
Molecular mechanism
Fasudil (HA-1077) is a selective RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor.[9] ROCK is an enzyme that plays an important role in mediating vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. ROCK induces vasoconstriction by phosphorylating the myosin-binding subunit of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase, thus decreasing MLC phosphatase activity and enhancing vascular smooth muscle contraction.[9]
ACE expression
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin-I (Ang-I) to angiotensin-II (Ang-II). Ang-II is a peptide hormone which increases blood pressure by initiating vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. ROCK increases ACE expression and activity in pulmonary hypertension. By inhibiting ROCK with fasudil, circulating ACE and Ang-II are reduced, leading to a decrease in pulmonary vascular pressure.[10]
eNOS expression
ERK activation
The proliferative effects of ROCK on vascular endothelial cells is due to the activation of
Direct inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation
In addition to ROCK inhibition, fasudil has also been demonstrated to directly modulate the aggregation of α-synuclein, both in vitro and in cellular models of neurodegenerative disease.[15] Aggregation of α-synuclein is a major hallmark of Parkinson's disease, and has also been observed in other neurodegenerative diseases. Physical interactions between α-synuclein and fasudil have been shown to take place with α-synuclein in the intrinsically disordered state, which places fasudil among a small number of drug-like molecules that directly interact with intrinsically disordered proteins.[16]
See also
- Ripasudil, a fasudil derivative used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension
References
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