Fatima Masumeh Shrine

Coordinates: 34°38′30″N 50°52′44″E / 34.6417°N 50.8790°E / 34.6417; 50.8790
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Fatima Masumeh Shrine
A March 2018 aerial photograph of Fatima Masumeh Shrine with golden dome and Azam Mosque of Qom
Religion
AffiliationTwelver Shi'ite Islam
Location
LocationQom, Iran
Fatima Masumeh Shrine is located in Iran
Fatima Masumeh Shrine
Shown within Iran
Fatima Masumeh Shrine is located in West and Central Asia
Fatima Masumeh Shrine
Fatima Masumeh Shrine (West and Central Asia)
Geographic coordinates34°38′30″N 50°52′44″E / 34.6417°N 50.8790°E / 34.6417; 50.8790
Architecture
TypeMosque
StyleIranian
Specifications
Dome(s)3
Minaret(s)6
Website
amfm.ir

The Shrine of Fatima Masumeh (Persian: حرم فاطمه معصومه translit. haram-e fateme-ye masumeh) is located in Qom, which is considered by Twelver Shia Muslims to be the second most sacred city in Iran after Mashhad.

Muhammad al-Taqī.[1]

Specifications

The mosque consists of a burial chamber, three courtyards and three large prayer halls, totalling an area of 38,000 m2 (410,000 sq ft). The three prayer halls are named: Tabātabā'ī, Bālā Sar, and A‘dham.[2][3]

Ziyarah

See also: Ziyarat
The golden dome above the mausoleum
Decorative muqarnas vaulting in the iwan entrance of Fatima Masumeh Shrine in atabki sahn

Though Shi'i theology formally states that the relatives of the Imams, or

Shi'ism still strongly venerates imamzadehs.[4] In Iran, there are many more burial places of the Imams' relatives than there are for the Imams themselves.[4] Imamzadehs are considered to be close to God and religiously pious because of their close relation to Imams.[5] Shi'is commonly travel on pilgrimages to shrines of imamzadehs, such as the Shrine of Fatima Masumeh, the sister of the 8th Imam 'Ali al-Rida, in Qom, Iran. Men and women seek cures to ailments, solutions to problems, and forgiveness of sins at these sites.[5] Many hadiths, or teachings, are recorded from Shi'i Imams praising the veneration of Fatima Masumeh, and proclaiming that those who make a pilgrimage to her Shrine will "certainly be admitted to heaven."[2]

Fatima Masumeh's Shrine in Qom is crowded every day of the year with Shi'i men, women, and children from all around the world. Some stay for hours or days praying at the mosque and circumambulating her tomb. The economy of Qom has become reliant on this pilgrimage for the tourism it brings.[6] In turn, Qom has remained conservative and traditional to maintain a pious environment for pilgrims.[7] Many miracles have been recorded as taking place at this shrine, and they are documented in a special office within the shrine complex. Some are published in the shrines monthly newspaper, the Payam-e Astan.[2]

Pilgrims at the Shrine of Fatima Masumeh follow rituals that have been passed down for centuries. Imam Ali al-Rida, Fatimah's brother, outlined these ritual acts as he described the way he visited her Shrine. The prayer Imam al-Rida dictated to his sister continues to be part of the pilgrimage.[4] Since the Safavid period, additional rituals have been added that are now typical for many Shi'i pilgrimages including ritual washing beforehand, dressing in perfumed clothing, and entering the site with one's right foot.[4]

History

Early

Since the beginning of Qom's history in the 7th century, the city has been associated with Shi'ism and set apart from the Sunni caliphate.[4] Many Shi'i hadiths referred to Qom as a "place of refuge for believers," calling it a deeply religious place. After Fatima Masumeh's death in Qom and the construction of her Shrine, scholars began to gather in Qom and the city gained its reputation for religious learning. Today, Qom is still noted for its religious seminaries and organizations.[2]

Fatima Masumeh died in Qom in 816 (201 AH) as she travelled to join her brother, Imam Ali al-Rida in Khorasan.[2] The caravan she travelled in was attacked in Saveh by the Abbasid Sunnis, and 23 of Fatima Masumeh's family and friends were killed (Jaffer). Fatima Masumeh was then poisoned by a woman from the Sunni enemies, fell ill, and asked to be taken to Qom, where she died.[2] Fatima Masumeh's host in Qom buried her in his plot of land.[4]

The style of Fatima Masumeh's Shrine has developed over many centuries.

Muhammad at-Taqī, Sayyida Zaynab.[4][2] The family of Sayyida Zainab later added a further two domes to the Shrine.[4]

Safavid period

Islamic architecture in the shrine of Fatemeh Masoumeh

In 1519,

Shah Abbas I of the Safavids did not patronize the Shrine of Fatima Masumeh as much as he did other shrines of Imams, but he did offer books to the Shrine's seminary library.[4]

Modern

Eid al-Fitr prayer, Fatima Masuma Shrine, 2017
Fatima Masumeh Shrine (1955)

From 1795–1796, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar converted two Safavid sahn or courtyards into one large courtyard and, in 1803, fixed the golden dome. In 1883, Amin al-Sultan added the new sahn e-jadid or "New Court" to the Shrine complex.[8]

Fatima Masumeh Shrine on the reverse of a 1981 5000 Iranian rial banknote

During

Mausoleum of Khomeini
.

Notable burials

  • Musa al-Kadhim

Royalty

Safavid Family

Qajar Family

  • Qahraman Mirza (fa) (d. 1840) – Qajar prince
  • Fath-Ali Shah (1772–1834) (r. 1797–1834)
  • Mohammad Shah (1808–1848) (r. 1834–48)
  • Galin Khanom (fa) (d. 1857) – Qajar princess
  • Malek Jahan Khanom
    (1805–1873) – Qajar Queen
  • Fakhr od-Dowleh (it) (1861–1893) – Qajar princess
  • Afsar od-Dowleh (fa) (1859–1901) – Qajar princess
  • Ali-Naghi Mirza (fa) (1860–1917) – Qajar prince
  • Malek-Mansour Mirza
    (1880–1922) – Qajar prince
  • Abdolsamad Mirza (fa) (1845–1929) – Qajar prince
  • Kamran Mirza (1856–1929) – Qajar prince and governor of Tehran

Political figures

  • Hassan Khan Mostowfi ol-Mamalek Ashtiani (fa) (1781–1845) – politician
  • Manouchehr Khan Gorji
    Mo'tamed od-Dowleh (d. 1847) – politician
  • Ali Khan Hajeb od-Dowleh (fa) (d. 1867) – politician
  • Anoushirvan Khan Etezad od-Dowleh (d. 1868) – politician
  • Farrokh Khan Amin od-Dowleh (1812–1871) – Persian ambassador to France and Great Britain
  • Asadollah Nazem od-Dowleh (fa) (d. 1900) – politician
  • Ali-Asghar Khan
    Amin os-Sultan (1843–1907) – prime minister (1887–96) and (1907)
  • Mohammad-Baqer Khan Saad os-Saltaneh (d. 1907) – politician
  • Ebrahim Motamed os-Saltaneh (fa) (d. 1917) – politician
  • Ahmad Khan Moshir os-Saltaneh (1844–1919) – prime minister (1907–08)
  • Mohammad Eqbal od-Dowleh (fa) (1848–1924) – politician
  • Yahya Diba Nazem od-Dowleh (fa) (1886–1940) – politician
  • Hassan Vosough
    Vosough od-Dowleh (1873–1950) – prime minister (1909–10, 1911 and 1916–17)
  • Abdollah Vosough Motamed os-Saltaneh (fa) (1884–1952) – politician
  • Ahmad Qavam Qavam os-Saltaneh (1876–1955) – prime minister (1921, 1922–23, 1942–43, 1946–47 and 1952)
  • Faramarz Asadi (1869–1969) – politician
  • Majles
    (1928–35)
  • Mohammad-Vali Gharani (1913–1979) – army general
  • Fadayan-e Islam
  • Mehdi Bazargan (1907–1995) – prime minister (1979)

Scholars

  • Aghabeyim Javanshir
    (1780–1832) – poet
  • Yusef Etesami Ashtiani
    (1874–1938) – writer and translator
  • Parvin Etesami (1907–1941) – poet
  • Mohammad Meshkat (fa) (1900–1980) – scholar
  • Ali Davani (1929–2007) – author

Clerics

See also

References

  1. ^ "Qum, Iran". sacredsites.com. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
  2. ^
    ISBN 964-438-455-5
    .
  3. ^ "Today's Top StoriesQom Province". indiasnews.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2006. Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh, sister of Imam Reza, one of Iran's holiest places, is in Qom.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Canby, Sheila R. (2009). Shah 'Abbas: The Remaking of Iran. London: The British Museum Press.
  5. ^ a b Betteridge, Anne H. (2002). "Muslim Women and Shrines in Shiraz". In Donna Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early (ed.). Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East (2 ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 276–289.
  6. ^ Majd, Hooman (2008). The Ayyatolah Begs to Differ: The Paradox of Modern Iran. New York: First Anchor Books.
  7. ^ Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2011). "Post-revolutionary Iranian youth: The case of Qom and the new culture of ambivalence". In Roksana Bahramitash and Eric Hooglund (ed.). Gender in Contemporary Iran: Pushing the boundaries. London: Routledge. pp. 99–119.
  8. ^ a b c d Allan, James W. (2012). The Art and Architecture of Twelver Shi'ism: Iraq, Iran, and the Indian Sub-Continent. Oxford: Azimuth Editions.
  9. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000045
    .

External links

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