Fausto Veranzio
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Fausto Veranzio | |
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Faust Vrančić | |
Born | [1] | January 1, 1551
Died | 27 January 1617[1] Venice, Republic of Venice | (aged 66)
Known for | Polymath, bishop |
Notable work | Machinae Novae, Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum |
Fausto Veranzio
Life
Family history
Fausto was born in
While the family's main residence was in the city of Šibenik, they owned a big summer house on island of Prvić, in place of Šepurine, a neighboring place to Prvić-Luka (where he is buried in the local church). The Baroque castle that was used by the Vrančić family as summer residence is now in possession of the Draganić family. Faust later in his life, 1578, was married to Marieta Zar with hom had a daughter Alba-Roza and possibly a son who died young.[7]
Education and political activities
As a youth, under Antun's tutelage,[7] Veranzio was interested in science. Still a child, he moved to Venice, where he attended school, and then to Padua to join the University, where he focused on law, physics, engineering and mechanics.
At the court of
Polymath and inventor
Veranzio's masterwork, Machinae Novae (Venice 1615 or 1616),[11] contained 49 large pictures depicting 56 different machines, other devices, and technical concepts.
Two variants of this work exist, one with the "Declaratio" in Latin and Italian, the other with the addition of three other languages. Only a few copies survived and they often do not present a complete text in all the five languages. This book was written in Italian, Spanish, French, and German.[12] The tables represent a varied set of the projects, designs, and conceptions of the author. There Veranzio wrote about water and solar energy, offering depictions of clocks, including a "universal clock" (Plates 6–7), many types of mills, agricultural machinery, various types of bridges in various materials, machinery for clearing the sea, a dual sedan chair borne by a mule (Plate 47), special coaches, and Homo Volans (Plate 38), a forerunner of the parachute. His ideas included a float resembling a modern lifebuoy (Plate 39), boats with ingenious power mechanisms relying on water currents (Plates 40 and 41), and a rotary printer (Plate 46) intended to improve on the printing press.
Despite the extraordinary rarity of this book (because the author published it at his own expense, without a publisher, and had to stop printing for want of funds),[12] the Machinae Novae was the work which mainly contributed to Veranzio's popularity around the world. His design pictures were even reprinted a few years later and published in China.[13]
Veranzio's parachute
One of the illustrations in Machinae Novae is a sketch of a parachute dubbed Homo Volans ("The Flying Man"). Having examined Leonardo da Vinci's rough sketches of a parachute, Veranzio designed one of his own.[14][15] Paolo Guidotti had already attempted to carry out the idea, ending by falling on a house roof and breaking his thigh bone (about 1590); but while Francis Godwin was writing his flying romance The Man in the Moone, Fausto Veranzio is widely believed to have performed an actual parachute-jumping experiment[16] and, therefore, to be the first man to build and test a parachute. According to legend, Veranzio, in 1617, at over sixty-five years of age, implemented his parachute design and tested it by jumping from St Mark's Campanile in Venice.[17][page needed] This event was documented some 30 years later in the book Mathematical Magick or, the Wonders that may be Performed by Mechanical Geometry (London, 1648), written by John Wilkins, the secretary of the Royal Society in London.
But in his book, where Wilkins wrote about flying and the possibility of human flight,[18] methods of slowing down people's fall through the air were not his concern. His treatise does not even mention Veranzio by name, nor does it document any jump by parachute or any event at all in 1617.[18] No evidence has ever been found of any test of Veranzio's parachute.
Mills and wind turbines
His areas of interest in engineering and mechanics were broad. Mills were one of his main point of research, where he created 18 different designs. He envisioned
Urbanist and engineer in Rome and Venice
By order of the Pope, he spent two years in Rome where he envisioned and made projects needed for regulating rivers, since Rome was often flooded by the Tiber river.[19] He also tackled the problem of the wells and water supply of Venice, which is surrounded by sea.[19] Devices to register the time using water, fire, or other methods were envisioned and materialized. His own sun clock was effective in reading the time, date, and month, but functioned only in the middle of the day.
The construction method of building metal bridges and the mechanics of the forces in the area of statics were also part of his research. He drew proposals which predated the actual construction of modern suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges by over two centuries. The last area was described when further developed in a separate book by mathematician Simon de Bruges (Simon Stevin) in 1586. Veranzio also designed the concept to modern tied-arch bridges, through arch bridges, truss bridges and aerial lifts.
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Drawing of suspension cable-stayed bridge by Fausto Veranzio in his Machinae Novae
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Drawing of a suspension bridge by Fausto Veranzio (Machinae Novae)
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Early design of a tied-arch/through arch bridge by Fausto Veranzio
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Truss arch bridge by Fausto Veranzio
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Primitive design of an early truss bridge by Fausto Veranzio
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Design for an aerial lift by Fausto Veranzio (Machinae Novae)
Lexicography
Veranzio was the author of a five-language
The Dictionarium is a very early and significant example of both Croatian and Hungarian lexicography, and contains, in addition to the parallel list of vocabulary, other documentation of these two languages. In particular, Veranzio listed in the Dictionarium 304 Hungarian words that he deemed to be
In an extension of the dictionary called Vocabula dalmatica quae Ungri sibi usurparunt, there is a list of Proto-Croatian words that entered the
History and philosophy
Only a few of Veranzio's works related to history remain: Regulae cancellariae regni Hungariae and De Slavinis seu Sarmatis in Dalmatia exist in manuscript form, while Scriptores rerum hungaricum was published in 1798. In Logica nova ("New logic") and Ethica christiana ("Christian ethics"), which were published in a single Venetian edition in 1616, Veranzio dealt with the problems of
(1560–1624) were his intellectual counterparts.Legacy
When Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), Austrian-British philosopher and mathematician, moving from Berlin to England, began studying mechanical engineering in 1908, he was highly influenced by his reading of Renaissance technical treatises, particularly Veranzio's Machinae Novae.[25]
The 17th century Brooklyn Tidal Mill in Long Island (NY), one of the most popular and few still standing mills in the New York City area,[26] was built after the plan of Fausto Veranzio.[26][27][28]
In 1965, "Faust Vrančić" Astronomy Society was founded in Šibenik.
In 1969, the medallion with his figure, work by Kosta Angeli Radovani, was embedded in the rector's chain of the University of Zagreb.
In 1992, the Croatian Parliament established the "Faust Vrančić" National Award for Technical Culture which is awarded to individuals, associations and other legal persons for outstanding achievements in technical culture.
In 1993, his bust was erected at the
In 2012, Faust Vrančić Memorial Centre Archived 2015-06-30 at the Wayback Machine was opened on the island of Prvić where visitors can learn more about Veranzio's life and see his most famous inventions.
Croatian Navy's rescue ship BS-73, as well as many schools and streets in Croatia, were named after him.
Cultural event Days of Faust Vrančić is held annually in Šibenik.
Works
- Machinae novae (in Latin). Venezia. 1615.
See also
- List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
Notes
- ^ a b Ivetic 2020.
- Enciclopedia Italiana. Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-852-29400-0.
- ^ Andrew L. Simon, Made in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture
- ^ The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. XLII * No. 162 *, Summer 2001 Archived 2011-07-12 at the Wayback Machine László Sipka: Innovators and Innovations
- ^ According to M. D. Grmek, Verantius, Faustus (also known as Faust Vrančić or Veranzio) he died on January 20, 1617.
- ^ a b c d e Sorić, Diana (2014). "Obiteljski korespondenti Antuna Vrančića (1504.-1573.): Biografski podaci i lokacija rukopisne građe". Povijesni Prilozi. 33 (47): 41–42, 44–45.
- ISBN 978-1-60520-046-0.
- ^ Thomas Blackwell; John Mills (1763). Memoirs of the Court of Augustus: Continued, and Completed, from the Original Papers of the Late Thomas Blackwell. A. Millar. p. 239.
- ISBN 978-3-86110-355-4.
- ^ Some friends thanked him for this book in 1616; the date of 1595 refers to the publication of his Dictionarium
- ^ a b Original Machine Novae, Fausto VERANZIO - Malavasi Library, Milan - a complete and very detailed description of first and second editions of Veranzio's most famous work, "Machine Nove"
- ISBN 9789058671615.
- Lynn White, Jr. in: Technology and Culture, Vol. 9, No. 3. (1968), pp. 462-467 (463)
- ISBN 1-84353-084-8
- ^ Francis Trevelyan Miller (1930). The World in the Air: The Story of Flying in Pictures. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 101–106.
- ^ Alfred Day Rathbone (1943). He's in the paratroops now. R.M. McBride & Company.
- ^ a b Mathematical Magick, second book, chapter VII
- ^ a b Biblioteca italiana, o sia giornale di letteratura, scienze ed arti ... 1829. p. 263.
- ISBN 978-1-139-47105-3.
- ^ Fausto Veranzio (1595). Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europæ linguarum, Latinæ, Italicæ, Germanicæ, Dalmatiæ, & Vulgaricæ. Apud Nicolaum Morettum.
- ^ a b When Petrus Lodereckerus published in 1606 his Dictionarivm septem diversarvm lingvarvm, videlicet Latine, Italice, Dalmatice, Bohemicè, Polonicè, Germanicè, & Vngaricè, vna cum cuiuslibet linguæ registro siue repertorio vernaculo, Singulari studio & industria collectum a Petro Lodereckeroin (Prague), he included two more languages than Veranzio's pentadictionary: Czech and Polish, with the addition of indices in Latin for each language.
- ^ Branko Franolić (1976). Was Faust Vrančić the First Croatian Lexicographer?. Istituto Universitario Orientale. pp. 178–182.
- ^ Today Bratislava in Slovakia
- ^ F. A. Flowers, Portraits of Wittgenstein, Volume 2, page 133
- ^ ISBN 978-3-540-77932-2.
- ISBN 9780910258074.
- ^ ISES Congress 2007 Nothing New Under the Sun or Every Little Bit Helps Tidal Power: Status & Perspectives R.H. Charlier, M.C.P. Chaineux, C.W. Finkl, A.C Thys, Vol. I–V, Springer
References
- Great machines Volume 69, Franz Engler, illustrated CIPIA, 1997 (University of Michigan) p. 4-14
- "Bridges and men", Joseph Gies, Doubleday, University of Michigan, 2009
- Aspects of Materials Handling Dr. K.C. Arora, Vikas V. Shinde - Firewall Media, 2007, ISBN 81-318-0251-5
- Instruments in art and science: on the architectonics of cultural boundaries Helmar Schramm, Ludger Schwarte, Jan Lazardzig - Literary Criticism, 2008
- Sugar and society in China: peasants, technology, and the world market S. Mazumdar - Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge Mass. 1998, ISBN 0-674-85408-X,
- Engineering in history, Richard Shelton Kirby, Technology & Engineering, 1990
- Means and Methods Analysis of a Cast-In-Place Balanced Cantilever Segmental Bridge: Veranzio’s Machinae Novae Gunnar Lucko - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2000
- American building art: the nineteenth century, Carl W. Condit, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - page 163:
- The birth of modern science The making of Europe, P. Rossi, Wiley-Blackwell, 2001 ISBN 978-0-631-22711-3
- Water architecture in the lands of Syria: the water-wheels
- The Italian Achievement: An A-Z Over 1000 'Firsts' Achieved by Italians in Almost Every Aspect of Life Over the Last 1000 Years A. Baron Renaissance, 2008 University of California ISBN 978-1898823551
- History of Technology History of Technology, Graham Hollister-Short. A brief history of the technology through the centuries. The author is Honorary Lecteur of the Imperial College of London
- Charles Joseph Singer, A History of Technology, Charles Singer (British historian of science and medicine)
- Dizionario bibliografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Šime Ljubić (in Italian)
- Archibald Montgomery Low, Parachutes in peace and war, Archibald Low (English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, called "the father of the radio guidance systems"), 1942
- Medieval religion and technology: collection of essays (1978), Lynn Townsend, professor of medieval history at Princeton, Stanford and UCLA.
- Anthropological series, (vol. 18), Field Museum of Natural History, Field Columbian Museum.
- Technology and culture, Society for the History of Technology, vol. 9, 1968
- Design paradigms: case histories of error and judgment in engineering Henry Petroski CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1994 ISBN 978-0-521-46649-3
- Technological concepts and mathematical models in the evolution of modern engineering systems: controlling, managing, organizing, Mario Lucertini, Ana Millán Gasc, F. Nicolò, Birkhäuser, 2004, ISBN 3-7643-6940-X
- Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie: depuis la renaissance des lettres jusqu'à la fin du dix-septième siècle Ghent University, 1848 (in French)
- Musei per la scienza - Science museums L.B.Peressut, Pub. Lybra imagine, (illustrated) 1998, ISBN 88-8223-033-3
- Fausto Veranzio - Innovatore (in Italian)
External links
- Ivetic, Egidio (2020). "VERANZIO, Fausto". ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
- aero.com