Fear of negative evaluation
Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) or fear of failure,
Test
The original Fear of Negative Evaluation test consists of thirty items with a sentence that was response format and takes approximately ten minutes to complete. Scale scores range from 0 (low FNE) to 30 (high FNE). In 1983, Mark Leary presented a brief version of the FNE consisting of twelve original questions on a 5-point Likert scale (BFNE).[4] Scale scores range from 12 (low FNE) to 60 (high FNE).
Reliability
Both the original thirty-item and the brief twelve-item FNE test have been demonstrated to have high internal consistency.[6] The original and brief versions correlate very closely.[6]
Validity
FNE does not correlate strongly with other measures of social apprehension, such as the SAD PERSONS scale and the Interaction Anxiousness Scale.[6]
Social anxiety
Social anxiety is, in part, a response to perceived negative evaluation by others. Whereas FNE is related to the dread of being evaluated unfavorably when participating in a social situation, social anxiety is defined as a purely emotional reaction to this type of social situation. When patients with social phobia evaluate their relationships, they are extremely fearful of negative evaluation and express high degrees of FNE.[7] As discussed by Deborah Roth Ledley,[8] subjects in a study were asked to give a speech after completing a dot-probe paradigm task. After being presented with negative faces, low FNE participants did not display any increased apprehension, whereas high FNE participants displayed more apprehension.[9]
FNE is a direct cause of eating disorders caused by social anxieties, I.e., the fear of being negatively evaluated upon appearance. It ranks higher than depression and social comparison in causes of eating disorders. This is because FNE is the foundation for bulimic attitudes and body dissatisfaction.[10]
Heritability
FNE has been suggested to have some genetic component, as are other personality characteristics such as trait anxiousness, submissiveness, and social avoidance. BFNE scores have been found to have a genetic component in twin studies. In addition, BFNE scores and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire are genetically correlated.[7] It has been suggested that the genes that influence negative evaluation fears affect a range of anxiety personality behaviors.
Judgment and perception
Winton, Clark and Edelmann (1995) found that individuals who score higher on the FNE are more accurate at identifying negative expressions.[11] Individuals who score higher on the FNE were also found to overestimate negative social characteristics (e.g., awkwardness, long gaps in speech) and underestimate positive social characteristics (e.g., confidence, self-assurance) they exhibit during public speaking.[9] Low-FNE speakers overestimate their effectiveness in public speaking. In contrast, high-FNE speakers were more effective in their communication, consistent with the listener's actual understanding.[12] In the athletic arena, low-FNE basketball players were able to withstand higher levels of pressure and continue to maintain performance levels, whereas high-FNE basketball players showed a significant decrease in performance under pressure.[13]
See also
- Affect (psychology)
- Behavioural genetics
- Body image
- Cognitive psychology
- Social phobia
- Social rejection § Rejection sensitivity
- Test anxiety
References
- ^ "Fear of Failure (Atychiphobia): Causes & Treatment". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
- ISBN 978-1-61069-576-3.
- PMID 5810590.
- ^ S2CID 144875099. Archived from the original(PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
- ^ Schlenker, B (1980). Impression Management: The Self-concept, Social Identity, and Interpersonal Relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
- ^ a b c Andrews, F (1991). Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego, CA: Gulf Professional Publishing.
- ^ S2CID 44689870.
- ^ Ledley, Deborah Roth (2006). Cognitive phenomena in social anxiety disorder. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. pp. 251–283.
- ^ .
- PMID 22177392.
- PMID 7887878.
- S2CID 15997486.
- hdl:1959.17/57510.
Further reading
- Alloy, L.; Riskind, J. (2005). Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders. Psychology Press.
- Kluger, A.; DeNisi, A. (1996) "The Effects of Feedback Interventions on Performance: A Historical Review, a Meta-Analysis, and a Preliminary Feedback Intervention Theory." Psychological Bulletin. 119 (2): 254–284.
- Stopa, L.; Clark, D. (2001) "Social Phobia: Comments on the Viability and Validity of an Analogue Research Strategy and British Norms for the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 29 (4), 423–430.
- Weeks, J.; Jakatdar, J.; Heimberg, R. (2010). "Comparing and Contrasting Fears of Positive and Negative Evaluation as Facets of Social Anxiety." Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology. January, 68–94.
- Anastasi, A. (1982) Psychological Testing (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan