Federal Investigation Agency
Federal Investigation Agency وفاقی تحقیقاتی ایجنسی | |
---|---|
Pakistan Special Police Establishment (1948) | |
Employees | Mild Classified |
Jurisdictional structure | |
Legal jurisdiction | Constitution of Pakistan |
Governing body | Government of Pakistan |
Operational structure | |
Headquarters | G-9, Peshawar Morr Interchange, Islamabad, Pakistan |
Agency executive |
|
Parent agency | Ministry of Interior |
Major Units | 13
|
Website | |
www |
The Federal Investigation Agency (
Codified under the Constitution of Pakistan in 1974, the institution functions under the Ministry of Interior (MoI). The FIA also undertakes international operations with the close co-operation and co-ordination of Interpol. Headquartered in Islamabad, the agency has various branches and field offices located in all major cities throughout Pakistan.
Objectives
The FIA's main goal and priority is to protect the nation's interests and defend
Departments and priorities
As of 2021, FIA has 11 active departments to lead criminal charges and investigation, with priorities:
- Anti-Corruption
- Anti Human Trafficking and Smuggling
- Counter-Terrorism
- Economic Crime
- Electricity, Gas, Oil Anti Theft Unit
- FIA Academy
- Immigration
- Interpol
- Intellectual Property Rights
- Integrated Border Management System
- National Response Center For Cyber Crimes
Priorities
- Counter-terrorism Wing (CTW)—Tasked to protect Pakistan from all kinds of terrorist attacks, including counter-terrorism).[1]
- Anti-Corruption Wing (ACW)—Tasked with undertaking investigations and combat all public corruption at all levels of command (see also NAB).[2]
- Economic Crime Wing (ECW)—Mandate to protect Pakistan from economic terrorism and protection of intellectual property rights of the people. (see also: Economic terrorism).[3]
- Immigration Wing (IW)—Combat illegal immigration in Pakistan.[4]
- Technical Wing (TW)—Tasked to make efforts to protect Pakistan against foreign intelligence operations and espionage (see counterintelligence and counterproliferation) as well as using scientific assistance to resolve high-technology crimes.[5]
- Legal Branch (LB)—Responsible to provide legal guidance in all administrative and operational matters as well as protect civil rights.[6]
- National Central Bureau (NCB)—Tasked to combat transnational/national criminal organisations and enterprises (see
- Anti Trafficking Unit (ATU)—Tasked to combat major violent crimes, to ensure country-wide coverage of human trafficking, as well as to prevent and protect the victims of trafficking.[8]
History
Background
In 1942, the
- Official Secret Act, 1923
- Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947
- Passport Offenses Act, 1952
- Customs Act, 1959
Creation
After the
When the FIA was created, it took cases on corruption at every level of the government.[10] Although ostensibly a crime-investigation service, the FIA also did investigations of accused political opponents and critics of financial impropriety, from tax evasions to taking bribery while in office.[10]
National security and efforts against terrorism
Initially, its role was to conduct investigations on public corruption but the scope of the FIA's investigation was increased to take actions against communist
From 1982 to 1988, the FIA launched a series of investigations and probes against Pakistan Communist Party leader Jam Saqi and aided the court proceedings relating to its findings.[13] In 1986, the FIA successfully infiltrated the terrorist group responsible for hijacking Pan Am Flight 73, and quickly detained the Libyan commercial pilot suspected of having a role in the hijack.[14]
After securing voting plurality in
In the 1990s, the FIA directed by Malik, was involved in leading investigations and actions against
In 2001, the FIA successfully investigated the case against
The FIA began investigating
Anti-infringement efforts
Efforts on probes against copyright violation was increased after a petition was filed by the FBI which disputed Pakistan's commitment to rooting out infringement within its national borders in 2001.[22]
In 2002, the FIA launched several probes against copyright infringement and Pakistan was en route to having its US duty-free GSP agreements being taken away from it in 2005.[22] To avert any further negative fallout, sections of the Copyright Ordinance 1962 were included in the FIA's schedule of offences.[22] This legislation paved the way in 2005, under the direction of the federal interior ministry, to raid the country's largest video wholesale centre: The Rainbow Centre.[22]
Raiding the factories of the dealers that operated within the centre proved to be a highly successful enterprise, resulting in a reduction of 60% of sales of bootlegged video material.[22] A spokesman from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), later confirmed, that many of the outlets had stopped selling unlicensed video goods and were now selling mobile phones, highlighting that the FIA's raids and the resultant legal action were a success.[22]
Intelligence operations
In 1972–73, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto adopted many recommendations of the Hamoodur Rahman Commission's papers after seeing the intelligence failure in East Pakistan. This led the reformation of the FIA as Prime Minister Bhutto visioned the FIA as equivalent to American FBI which not only protects the country from internal crises but also from foreign suspected threats therefore he established the FIA on the same pattern. In 1970s, Prime Minister Bhutto had the Pakistan intelligence to actively run military intelligence programs in various countries to procure scientific expertise and technical papers in line of Alsos Mission of Manhattan Project.[citation needed]
Both the FIA and the Intelligence Bureau (IB) were empowered during the government and the scope of their operation was expanded during 1970s.[citation needed] Though ISI did lose its importance in the 1970s, the ISI regainEd its importance in the 1980s after successfully running the military intelligence program against the Soviet Union. Sensing the nature of competition, President Zia-ul-Haq consolidated the intelligence services after the ISI getting training from the CIA in 1980s, and subsequently improved its methods of intelligence.[citation needed]
In 1990s, the ISI and FIA, in many ways, were at war in the poverty-stricken landscape of Pakistan politics.[23] The ISI used its Islamic guerrillas as deniable foot soldiers to strike at FIA credibility, and according to published accounts, the FIA turned to Israeli Mossad and Israeli Intelligence Community through Pervez Musharraf to helped down the terrorist networks in the country.[23] Throughout the 1990s, the intelligence community remained under fire and competition in each services for credibility.[24]
After the 11 September 2001, the attacks in the United States history, the FBI launched the largest investigation in its history and soon determined that the hijackers were linked to al-Qaeda, led by Saudi exiled Osama bin Laden.[citation needed] Same as just after 9/11 attacks in the United States, the FIA gained credibility over the ISI in the United States.[citation needed] The FIA and ISI were also mentioned in The Path to 9/11 television series.[citation needed]
Special FIA teams
On 9 June 1975, the FIA formed the Immigration Wing (IW) to help
In 2003, the FIA formed an elite
Since then, the FIA has assigned its agents, and officials have received physical training and electronic equipment from the United States.
Other FIA special teams included the Anti-Corruption Wing (ACW) which was established in 2004 to lead probes against corrupt officials and other white collar criminals.[31] In 2004, the Economic Crime Wing (ECW) was also established in 2004 but transferred to the NAB; though it was restored to the FIA in 2008.[32] In 2014, the FIA formed an elite response team with the National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) agency to take decisive and through counter-terrorism actions, based on gained internal intelligence, against the terror groups.[33]
Criticisms and controversies
Covert operations on political groups
The FIA has used covert operations against domestic political groups since its inception; the FIA launched covert operations against the right-wing activists of the
2005 FIA scandal
In 2005,
2008 Lahore bombings
On 11 March 2008, the
International access
Cooperation with foreign counterparts
In 2006, the FIA resumed operational links with its Indian counterpart, the Central Bureau of Investigation, after a gap of 17 years.[37][38]
The FIA participates in the
Organization
The FIA is headed by the appointed
The FIA is headquartered in Islamabad and also maintains a separate training FIA Academy, also in Islamabad which was opened in 1976.[42] In 2002, FIA formed a specialised wing for investigating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related crimes. This wing is commonly known as the National Response Centre for Cyber Crimes (NR3C) and has the credit of arresting 12 hackers, saving millions of dollars for the government exchequer.[43] This wing of the FIA has state-of-the-art Digital Forensic Laboratories managed by highly qualified Forensic Experts and is specialised in Computer and Cell Phone Forensics, cyber/electronic crime investigation, Information System Audits and Research & Development. Officers of the NR3C carry out training for Officers of Police and other Law Enforcement Agencies of Pakistan.[43]
Organization structure
This section is in a table format that prose. is available. (November 2015) |
The organizational structure of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) is as follows:
Administrative offices and wings | Executive figure | Commands and the area of responsibility | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Immigration Wing | Additional DG |
Director of ATU Dy. Director of Law Dy. Director of Legal Organization | ||
Cyber Crime Wing | Additional DG | Director Ops, Cyber Crime Wing | ||
Anti Corruption wing | Additional DG |
Director of Technical Ops. Director of Law Director of Dy. Director of CrimesDy. Director of Technical Ops. | ||
Administration Wing | Additional DG |
Commandant of FIA Academy Director of Administration Director of Engineering Director of Accountings | ||
Counter Terrorism Wing | Director | Deputy commandant Operations Deputy commandant Intelligence | ||
Punjab-I | Director | |||
Sindh-I | Director | |||
Sindh-II | Director | |||
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa |
Director | |||
Balochistan |
- | Punjab-II | Director | |
Islamabad | Director | |||
National Central Bureau (Interpol) | Director |
Structure
The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) has its headquarters in Islamabad. The chief presiding officer of the agency is called the director general, and is appointed by the Ministry of Interior. The headquarters provide support to 7 provincial offices, i.e. Sindh-I, Sindh-II, Punjab-I, Punjab-II, KPK, Balochistan and Federal Capital Islamabad. The provincial heads of agency are called "directors". Further there are about (?) smaller offices known as wings or circles e.g. Crime, Corporate Crime, Banking Crime and Anti-Human Trafficking Circles at the provincial level. They are headed by additional and deputy directors, helped by investigation officers (I.O.) like assistant directors, inspectors, sub-inspectors and assistant sub-inspectors etc. for running of bureau business. The wings are major segments of the agency known as Anti-Corruption or Crime Wing, Cyber Crime Wing, Immigration Wing, Technical Wing, Legal Wing, Administration Wing and National Response Centre for Cyber Crimes (NR3C). Further there are branches working under the command of above-mentioned wings, viz. counter-terrorism branch (SIG), Interpol branch, legal branch, crime branch, economic crime branch, intellectual property rights branch, immigration branch, anti-human smuggling branch, PISCES branch, administration branch, implementation and monitoring branch.
Designations
Grade | Designation | Equivalent Police Ranks | |
---|---|---|---|
BS-7 | Constable | Constable | |
BS-9 | Head Constable | Head Constable | |
BS-11 | Assistant Sub-Inspector | Assistant Sub-Inspector | |
BS-14 | Sub-Inspector | Sub-Inspector | |
BS-16 | Inspector | Inspector | |
BS-17 | Assistant Director | Assistant Superintendent of Police | |
BS-18 | Deputy Director | Superintendent of Police | |
BS-19 | Additional Director | Senior Superintendent of Police | |
BS-20 | Director | Deputy Inspector General of Police | |
BS-21 | Additional Director General | Additional Inspector General of Police | |
BS-22 | Director-General | Inspector General of Police |
FIA director generals
The FIA is headed by a
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Counter-terrorism department". FIA Counter-terrorism department. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "Anti-Corruption Department". FIAAnti-Corruption Department. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "FIA Economic Crime Wing". FIA Economic Crime Wing. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "FIA Immigration Wing". FIA Immigration Wing. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "FIA Technical Wing". FIA Technical Wing. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "FIA Legal branch". FIA Legal branch. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "National Central Bureau NCB". National Central Bureau NCB. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "Anti Trafficking Unit". ATU. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f "History of FIA". FIA history. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
- ^ ISBN 0870032852.
- ^ ISBN 1859848869. Retrieved 3 January 2015.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 1859841392. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ISBN 0739107607.
- ISBN 978-1440828287. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ ISBN 1555535097.
- ^ Benjamin, Daniel & Steven Simon. The Age of Sacred Terror, 2002
- ^ Shane, Scott (22 June 2008). "Inside a 9/11 Mastermind's Interrogation" The New York Times.
- ^ ISBN 9780739711941.
- ^ Khan, Kamran; Baker, Peter (30 January 2002), "Pakistan to Forgo Charges Against 2 Atomic Scientists,", Washington Post
- ^ ISBN 1559707178.
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Federal Investigation Agency.
- ^ ISBN 978-0062097958.
- ^ a b c d e f Anis, Khurram (5 March 2006). "Rainbow Centre business bombs 60% in raid aftermath". Daily Times area archives. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ ISBN 1466825243.
- ^ B. Raman. "A Revamp of Pakistani Intelligence Community is underway". B. Raman of Director, Institute For Topical Studies, Chenna. B. Raman of Director, Institute For Topical Studies, Chenna. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
- ^ a b "Immigration Wing". IMMIGRATION WING. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "Technical Wing". Technical Wing. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e FIA. "Counter-Terrorism Wing". Counter-Terrorism Wing. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ FIA. "Pakistan Most Wanted List" (PDF). Govt. Pakistan. CTW Listing. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ News reports (2008). "Timeline of Marriott Hotel bombings". Geo News archives, 2008. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ Asghar, Mohd' (28 June 2009). "FBI links Marriott bombing to Al Qaeda". Dawn area studies 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "Anti-Corruption and Economic Crime Wing". Anti-Corruption and Economic Crime Wing. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "ECONOMIC CRIME WING (ECW)". ECONOMIC CRIME WING (ECW). Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ Webdesk (9 November 2014). "Hamid Ali Khan named as Nacta's first full-time chief". Express Tribune, 2014. Express Tribune, 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ ISBN 1435731964.
- ^ "Pakistan off human smuggling list", BBC News, 3 June 2005
- ^ Roggio, Bill (11 March 2008) "Dual suicide bombings in Lahore kill 28", The Long War Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2016
- ^ "India, Pakistan to share expertise in investigation'", The Hindu, 24 March 2006
- ^ "India, Pakistan to form joint group to tackle crime", PakTribune, 23 March 2006
- ^ Malik, Rehman (3 March 2005). "Personal Identification Secure Comparison and Evaluation System (PISCES)". Federal Investigation Agency. Archived from the original on 2 May 2006. Retrieved 31 July 2005.
- ^ "Directors of the FIA". Directors of the FIA. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "FIA Organs". FIA Organs. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "FIA Academy". FIA Academy. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ a b "National Response Centre for Cyber Crimes(NR3C)". National Response Centre for Cyber Crimes(NR3C). Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "Message from the DG FIA". www.fia.gov.pk. Federal Investigation Agency. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
Further reading
- Chaudhry, Faisal Naseem (2007). Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), with Relevant Police Rules. Lahore, Punjab: Nadeem Law Book House. p. 196. o-44HAAACAAJ.
- Riaz Hassan; Hassan, Professor of Sociology at the University of Karachi, Dr, Riaz (2014). Life as a Weapon: The Global Rise of Suicide Bombings (googlebooks). u.s.: Routledge. ISBN 978-1136921070. Retrieved 3 January 2015.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Gaur, Mahendra (2006). "§§CBI and FIA" (googlebooks). Foreign Policy Annual. New Delhi, India: Kalpaz Publications. ISBN 8178353423. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- Yousaf, Moueed (2014). Pakistan's Counterterrorism challenge. Georgetown, u.s.: Georgetown University press. ISBN 978-1626160613.