Femen
This article needs to be updated.(September 2013) |
Founded | 10 April 2008[1] |
---|---|
Type | Protest and activist group |
Focus | Abolish patriarchy to achieve women's liberation[2] |
Location | |
Key people | Anna Hutsol[1] Oksana Shachko Alexandra Shevchenko[5] Inna Shevchenko Yana Zhdanova |
Website | femen.org |
Femen (stylized in
The organization describes itself as "fighting
History
Initially, Femen gained attention by demonstrating in skimpy or erotic clothing. For example, on 21 September 2008 in front of the Turkish embassy,[
Since May 2011, a host of international news outlets have started to report about the organization's actions; this has sharply heightened FEMEN's international profile.[22][23]
From late 2011, the Ukrainian Femen activists started to hold more international protests.
After
In late July 2013, one of the ideologists of the Femen,
One of the founding members, Oksana Shachko, was found dead in Paris on 24 July 2018; her death is believed to be a suicide. She was living as an independent artist separated from the group after disputes with other members.[30]
Organization
Femen has
In October 2012, the organization stated it had about 40 activists in Ukraine, and another 100 who had joined their protests abroad,
In October 2013, Femen had its largest membership in France.
Hutsol stated in July 2010: "We are working better than any
Femen explained its methodology of topless protesting by saying: "This is the only way to be heard in this country. If we staged simple protests with banners, then our claims would not have been noticed".[citation needed] The organization plans to become the biggest and the most influential movement in Europe.[39][44]
In 2010 and 2011, Ukrainian members had stated that their involvement in Femen had caused their families to become alienated from them.[39][45] Some Femen members, including Inna Shevchenko, have also been subject to threats, kidnapping, beating and other intimidation.[47]
Criminal cases against the organization
Several criminal cases have been opened against the organization in Ukraine on charges of "
The
International branches
Femen France
Femen France is the French branch of Femen. After cutting down a
As of early January 2013, the organization consisted of 30 local activists.[37] The only Ukrainians regularly present were Oksana Shachko and Inna Shevchenko.[37] On 6 March 2013, Femen activists, together with French writer Galia Ackerman, released their first book, Femen, which was published by Calmann-Lévy.[60]
The international training center opened on 18 September 2012. 15 activists marched topless from the metro station Château Rouge to the Lavoir Moderne Parisien, where their new headquarters are located, and organized a press conference there.[3]
On 3 October 2012, French activists Éloïse Bouton, Elvire Duvelle-Charles, Miyabi K., Julia Javel, Jenny Bah, Nathalie Vignes and Inna Shevchenko protested against
On 15 October 2012, eight topless activists protested in front of the French
Femen activists held protests in front of
Other branches
Since late 2011, Femen has held rallies outside Ukraine.[65][66] In late April 2011, the organization said it was setting up international branches in Warsaw, Zürich, Rome, Tel Aviv, and Rio de Janeiro.[67][68] A demonstration by a group called RU Femen in the Russian capital, Moscow, in late April 2011[69] was immediately denounced as a fake offspring of Femen.[67][68] Femen accused the Russian political party United Russia of having set up RU Femen.[67][68] Early in 2013, Femen said that it had members in Brazil, Germany, the U.S., Canada, Switzerland, Italy, Bulgaria, and Tunisia.[37]
On 23 January 2013, a third national Femen-group was opened officially when Alexandra Shevchenko launched Femen in Germany proposing to train and lead the group from Berlin and Hamburg bases.[5][31] The German branch of Femen was founded by Irina Khanova, Hellen Langhorst, and Klara Martens. An action the group took was amid the opening of the Barbie Dream House in Berlin's Alexanderplatz. Right before the pink plastic building opened, a Femen member emerged topless from a model high-heel shoe burning a Barbie doll, in protest of what was widely seen as giving girls an unrealistic view of life. The Femen member had written on her chest: "life in plastic is not fantastic".[70]
A Quebec-based Femen is also active, founded by Ukraine-born, Sept-Îles raised Xenia Chernyshova.[71][72]
On 10 September 2013, the Belgium branch of Femen voluntary disbanded itself.[nb 4][73]
A branch of Femen in Turkey, founded in late-2013 is also active.[74][75]
In June 2014, Femen opened a branch in Israel with 15 women. Femen notes, "our numbers are growing from week to week." The members, who range in age from 17 to 30, come from all over the country.[76]
In August 2016, a branch of Femen launched in the United States of America, based in Seattle, Washington and led by Jordan Robson. To date, their most publicized action has been a protest held at the polling station used by Donald Trump in New York City on 8 November 2016.[77]
Goals and stances
Femen describes its stance as "radical
Femen has expressed both support for and opposition against various public figures and organizations; for example, the group lauded Pussy Riot[84] and collaborated with Aliaa Elmahdy.[85][86] In 2011, the group stated that it had enjoyed limited success in pushing its agenda.[87] It was also criticized for failure "to provide much insight into what the concrete goals [of the organization] are".[78]
Feminist issues
Founder Anna Hutsol is adamantly opposed to legalizing prostitution in Ukraine[13] and advocates for criminalization of prostitution abroad.[88] In late May 2009, Femen proposed the introduction of criminal responsibility for the use of sex industry services.[89] Femen protested against what they argued were moves being made by the Ukrainian government to legalize prostitution during the EURO 2012 championships.[90] The group asked UEFA and the Ukrainian government to create a social program devoted to the problem of sex tourism and prostitution in Ukraine; to inform football fans that prostitution is illegal in Ukraine; and to take additional steps to fight against prostitution and sex tourism.[91][nb 5]
Despite Femen's objection to the sex industry, the group has fought against the prosecution of
According to (founder) Hutsol "The Femen movement stands for women-related policies, not
Ukrainian issues
Femen has protested "against the
Femen protest actions have also taken place against
In 2012, Femen stated that its goals were "to develop leadership, intellectual and moral qualities of young women in Ukraine" and "to build up the image of Ukraine, [a] country with great opportunities for women".[104][44] In 2010, the stated goals of the organization were "to shake women in Ukraine, making them socially active; to organize in 2017 a women's revolution."[39]
In August 2022 Femen claimed responsibility for a topless protest against German Chancellor Olaf Scholz,[105] and his administration's continued links to Russian oil and gas following the outbreak of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. The activists call for an immediate embargo of Russian gas.[106]
International issues
In December 2012, Femen "warned" the
Protests against religious institutions
Examples of Femen protests against religious institutions are:
- In November 2011, Femen activist Italian Police.[108]
- In April 2012, five Femen activists protested legislation that would halt Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, ringing the church bells while doing so.[citation needed] They were detained by police.[citation needed]
- On 26 July 2012, a topless Femen activist, Yana Zhdanova, attacked the
- The organization staged a topless protest at the
- On 17 August 2012, criminal case was opened against Femen under "Part 2 of Article 296 (hooliganism) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine".[120][121] Femen stated that after the incident, special forces troops from the Ministry of Internal Affairs organized a blockade around FEMEN's headquarters in Kyiv.[120][122] On 18 August 2012 a new Christian cross was erected at the same site.[123][124]
- In January 2013 four Ukrainian Femen activists protested topless in favour of
- On Christmas Day 2013, a German FEMEN member disrupted a service in the Cologne Cathedral to protest against Cardinal Meisner's "very conservative orientation."[126] She was subsequently fined €600.[127]
- Femen activists burned the Great Mosque of Paris on 3 April 2013, as part of a solidarity protest with Amina Tyler.[128]
- On 12 September 2015, two Femen protesters attending the conference as Arabs, ripped their cloaks on stage and went topless at a controversial conference near Paris on the role of Muslim women. After being taken off stage by security, several men rushed the stage and began beating one of the protestors.[129][130]
- On 25 December 2017, one topless activist from the group tried to snatch the statue of the infant Jesus from the nativity scene in St. Peter's Square screaming, "God is woman." Before she was able to steal the statue, however, she was tackled to the ground by guards.[131]
Amina Tyler case
Amina Tyler (real name Amina Sboui), a
Amina Tyler was acquitted for contempt and defamation on 29 July 2013; but she remained jailed pending trial on a separate charge of desecrating a cemetery.[4]
Femen had staged protests in front of the Grand Mosque of Paris burning a Tawhid flag. Amina upon release in August 2013 from detention in a Tunisian jail declared she was leaving the group in protest adding that she thought FEMEN's actions in Paris were disrespectful to the Muslim world and because she saw a lack of financial transparency in the organization.[133]
Cultural and political image
Critics have stated Femen members are more interested in self-promotion than real reform, and that their antics are often tacky and undermine the cause of their protests.
The group is seen more positively abroad.
In September 2013, Femen came under criticism when an Australian documentary filmmaker Kitty Green exposed a man named Victor Svyatski as the founder of the group.[15] Svyatski was previously known as only a consultant to the movement.[140]
Financing
Femen activists earn funding through the sale of products bearing the Femen logo.
In March 2012 Ukrainian magazine Focus said that Femen activists receive royalties for foreign interviews and in the tabloids.[41] In the magazine Anna Hutsol confirmed that a rally in Istanbul was sponsored by a Turkish company producing underwear.[41]
A Ukrainian
See also
- Feminism
- Gender equality
- History of feminism
- LGBT rights in Ukraine
- Nudity and protest
- Postfeminism
- Sex-positive feminism
- Women's Equality Day
- Women in Ukraine
- Women's rights in Ukraine
Bibliography
- Ackerman, Galia; et al., Femen, Published by Calmann-Lévy (Paris 2013), 280 pages. ISBN 978-2702144589. (French language publication)[60]
- Ceresa, Massimo (15 December 2015). Femen, Inna e le altre streghe senza Dio [Femen, Inna and the other godless witches.] (in Italian). Lucca: Tra le righe libri. ISBN 978-8899141370.
- Goujon, Olivier (21 September 2017). Femen: Histoire d'une trahison [Femen: History of a Betrayal] (in French). Paris: Max Milo Editions. ISBN 978-2315008186. Published by Max Milo Editions (Paris), 364 pages. (French language publication)
Filmography
- Nos seins, nos armes ! (Our breasts, our weapons!), documentary film (1hour 10 mins), written and directed by Caroline Fourest and Nadia El Fani, produced by Nilaya Productions, aired on France 2 on 5 March 2013.[145]
- Everyday Rebellion, documentary film (1hour 58 mins), written and directed by the Riahi Brothers Arash T. Riahi and Arman Riahi, Austria / Switzerland / Germany, 2013, world premiere at Copenhagen International Documentary Festivalon 13 November 2013.
- Ukraine Is Not a Brothel
- Je Suis Femen (I Am Femen), 2014, documentary film, written and directed by Alain Margot.[146]
- FEMEN: Sextremism in Canada, 2016, documentary film, examining the group in Québec, Canada.[147]
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ On 19 December 2011 FEMEN performed a topless protest against Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko outside the KGB Headquarters in Minsk, mocking Lukashenko's recognizable haircut and moustache. Afterwards, according to FEMEN, the three protesters Inna Shevchenko, Oksana Shachko and Aleksandra Nemchinova were abducted by the Belarus authorities and taken to a remote forest blindfolded, doused with oil, forced to strip and then threatened with being set on fire, before having their hair violently cut with knives and being abandoned in the snow half-naked.[25][26]
- ^ Early September 2013 Inna Shevchenko stated that FEMEN had "broke free" of Sviatsky.[16]
- ^ On 28 August 2013 a Kyiv police spokesperson stated no one in the group had been charged but the criminal probe into illegal possession of weapons by the group continued and the women could be called in for further questioning.[51]
- Facebook page was: "disagreement about the internal organization within the international movement Femen".[73]
- ^ As a counter-act Polish prostitutes held their own nude demonstration (in masks) with the catchphrase "Femen! Get the fuck out of our business".[92]
- ^ The desecration of the cross was repudiated by Maria Alyokhina of Pussy Riot, who said "Their surprise displays and protests against authoritarianism are similar to us, but we look at feminism differently, especially the form of speech. We wouldn't take our clothes off, and will not. Their latest action, the sawing of the cross, does not create a feeling of solidarity, unfortunately."[114]
References
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- ^ a b FEMEN: FEMEN – is a global women's movement, Official FEMEN website
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- ^ a b Tunisian Femen activist ‘acquitted’ of defamation, France 24 (29 July 2013)
Court dismisses 1 charge against Tunisian feminist, TimesDaily (29 July 2013)
Tunisian Activist Acquitted Amid Growing Unrest, Voice of America (29 July 2013) "Tunisian Femen activist 'acquitted' of defamation". France 24. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2013. - ^ a b "FEMEN". FEMEN. 24 January 2013. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ a b "Ukraine's Ladies of Femen". Movements.org. 16 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ Tayler, Jeffrey (13 March 2013). "The Woman Behind Femen's Topless Protest Movement". The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
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The activist movement Femen is notorious for topless protests and the ideology 'sextremism, atheism and feminism'.
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- ^ a b Cochrane, Kira (20 March 2013). "Rise of the naked female warriors". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ a b c Femen leader points to ‘Russian fingerprints’ in recent attacks on group’s activists in Kyiv, Interfax-Ukraine (29 July 2013)
FEMEN says their male activist brutally beaten up by security services, Interfax-Ukraine (25 July 2013)
Fined Femen activists planned protest against Putin Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Ukrinform (29 July 2013)
State Leaders, Orthodox Clergy Mark Kyivan Rus Anniversary, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (27 July 2013)
'Attacks were meant to intimidate us': Femen, Deutsche Welle (29 July 2013) "Femen leader points to 'Russian fingerprints' in recent attacks on group's activists in Kyiv". Interfax News Wire. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2013. - ^ "Femen co-founder Oksana Shachko found dead in Paris flat". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ a b "Bare-chested protesters take on Berlin". DW.DE. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b У колишньому офісі Femen відкрили книжкову крамницю [A bookstore was opened in the former office of Femen]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ a b Активістки Femen втекли з України [Femen activists fled from Ukraine]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ a b Femen закриє офіс в Україні, але діяльність не припинить [Femen closes office in Ukraine, however, the activities do not stop]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ "FEMEN". Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ a b "Девушки хотят. Интервью с Анной Гуцол, лидером FEMEN", 15 July 2010, Анастасия Рингис, Focus (Ukrainian magazine) website (retrieved 6 February 2013) (in Russian)
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- ^ Ukraine's topless group widens political role, Reuters (15 November 2010)
- ^ Табло ID(20 September 2010)
- ^ Радикальный эксгибиционизм [Radical Exhibitionism] (PDF). Гендерные исследования (in Russian).
Радикальный эксгибиционизм [Radical Exhibitionism]. Private Correspondent (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. - ^ a b c (in Russian) Игры на раздевание. Femen завоевывает симпатии мужчин и теряет поддержку феминисток "Games on the strip. Femen winning the sympathies of men and losing the support of feminists", Focus (27 March 2012)
- Lenta.Ru(15 February 2012)
- Central Election Commission of Ukraine
- ^ MySpacepage
- ^ a b c d 'The Entire Ukraine Is a Brothel', Der Spiegel (5 May 2011)
- ^ "Après les guitares de Pussy Riot, la tronçonneuse de Femen". Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes. 20 August 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ Taylor, Jerome (23 December 2011). "Topless protester was 'abducted and beaten' in Belarus". The Independent. London.
- ^ (in Russian) На FEMENисток завели два уголовных дела за "обнаженку", Информационно-аналитический центр "ЛІГА" (17 February 2012)
- ^ "FEMEN: у Білорусі дівчат побили і кинули в лісі". Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). 20 December 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ a b Police seize TT pistol and grenade in Kyiv office of Femen women’s rights group, Interfax-Ukraine (28 August 2013)
- ^ a b Femen moves out of 'bugged' Kyiv office[permanent dead link], News24 (28 August 2013)
- ^ Femen accuses Kyiv police of planting guns during raid, The Guardian (27 August 2013)
- ^ FEMEN women’s rights group protests outside Ukrainian embassies in Europe following search of Kyiv office, Interfax-Ukraine (29 August 2013)
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Huffington Post: FEMEN, Ukrainian women's rights group, protests Russian election, Kyiv Post (9 December 2011)
Ukraine topless activists raise SOS from Belarus, Kyiv Post (20 December 2011)
Turkey acts to better protect women from abuse, Kyiv Post (9 March 2012) - ^ Naked Protesters Draw Attention at Moscow Polling Station, The Wall Street Journal (4 March 2012)
- ^ a b c (in Ukrainian) На FEMEN здiйснена рейдерська атака! Клятi москалi! Перший пост без цицьок, Ukrainska Pravda (28 April 2011)
- ^ a b c (in Russian) Зассанные кремлевские матрасы!, LiveJournal blog of FEMEN (28 April 2011)
- L!FE NEWS(27 April 2011)
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- ^ a b "Belgische Femen-afdeling stopt Belgian Femen-branch stops" (in Dutch). Gazet van Antwerpen. 11 September 2013.
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- ^ Activists of the Ukrainian women's movement FEMEN dressed as policemen "beat" journalists, photographers and cameramen during their symbolic protest action called "100 days" on Independence Square in Kyiv, the capital., Los Angeles Times (3 June 2010)
- ^ Ukraine parliament to resume session after brawl Archived 14 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Euronews (13 December 2012)
Media: Femen women's group tries to break into parliament, Kyiv Post (12 December 2012) - ^ Nydailynews.com(26 July 2012)
- ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Дівчата з FEMEN пішли на Кирила з чорними грудьми "FEMEN went to Cyril with black breast", Gazeta.ua (28 July 2012)
- ^ Femen’s actions serve only to further Putin’s agenda, Kyiv Post (11 September 2012)
About FEMEN, Official webshop of FEMEN Archived 5 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine - ^ "FEMEN – FEMEN Official Blog". Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ "Germany: Topless protesters interrupt Olaf Scholz speech as fuel crisis deepens". Sky News. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- The Huffington Post(21 December 2012)
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- Channel One (Russia). 18 August 2012.
- ^ "FEMEN saws down cross for Stalin victims". The Voice of Russia. 17 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
- ^ "Ukrainian activist cuts down cross in Pussy Riot protest". TVNZ. 17 August 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Police open criminal case on hooliganism against Femen activists". Kyiv Post. 17 August 2012.
- ^ "Criminal inquiry started into demolition of cross by FEMEN activists in Kyiv". Interfax. 17 August 2012.
- ^ "FEMEN Women's Movement Says Police Blocking Organisation's Office in Kyiv". Ukrainian News Service. 18 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
- ^ "На месте спиленного FEMEN креста установили новый". NB News. 18 August 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
- ^ "На місці спиляного Femen хреста поставили тимчасовий". Українська правда. 18 August 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012.
- ^ "Topless women protest Vatican because of gay adoption criticism". New York Daily News. 13 January 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
- ^ "Topless cathedral protest gets day in court". www.thelocal.de. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ "Femen activist fined for topless church stunt". www.thelocal.de. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Taylor, Alan (4 April 2013). "Femen Stages a 'Topless Jihad'". The Atlantic. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ Chazan, David (13 September 2015). "Topless protesters disrupt Muslim conference on women". The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ "Topless FEMEN disrupt Muslim conference in France, get kicked". YouTube. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ "Topless Femen activist arrested trying to snatch Jesus statue from Vatican nativity scene". The Independent. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ Femen activists jailed in Tunisia retract apology, The Guardian (27 June 2013)
- ^ https://www.vocativ.com/08-2013/topless-tunisian-teen-activist-dumps-femen-but-still-takes-naked-selfies/
Archived 23 August 2013 at the Wayback MachineTunisia's Amina quits ‘Islamophobic’ Femen, France 24 (20 August 2013) - ^ a b The nude radicals: feminism Ukrainian style, The Guardian (15 April 2011)
- Den(22 July 2011)
- ^ Hankivsky, Olena; Salnykova, Anastasiya. Gender, Politics and Society in Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, 2012
- ^ "Protesters say they achieve more with less clothing". Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
- ^ Taylor, Jeffrey (1 May 2013). "Topless Jihad: Why Femen Is Right". The Atlantic. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "FEMEN Opens HQ in Paris". Retrieved 19 November 2012.
- ^ "Ukraine Is Not a Brothel (2013)". IMDb. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ^ "front". Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ (in Russian) Бюст героев, Kommersant (20 September 2010)
- ^ Kolb, Matthias (26 January 2009). "Die Ukraine ist kein Bordell" [Ukraine is not a brothel]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
- ^ Kyiv Post founder reflects on 14 years as newspaper’s owner, reasons for sale, Kyiv Post (19 November 2009)
- ^ "Nos seins, nos armes (2012) – Documentaire – L'essentiel". Télérama. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ "Je Suis Femen (2014)". IMDb.
- ^ "FEMEN: Sextremism in Canada". VICE. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
External links
- Official website
- Femen blog
- BlaqSwans.org – an analysis of the Femen movement
- Femen on Twitter
- Femen on Facebook