Fener
Fener | |
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Quarter | |
UTC+3 (TRT ) | |
Area code | 0-212 |
Fener (Turkish pronunciation: [feˈnæɾ]; Greek: Φανάρι, Phanári; in English also: Phanar) is a quarter midway up the Golden Horn in the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey. The Turkish name is derived from the Greek word "phanarion" (Medieval Greek: Φανάριον), meaning lantern, streetlight or lamppost;[1] the neighborhood was so called because of a column topped with a lantern which stood here in the Byzantine period and was used as a street light or lighthouse.
Fener was a traditionally Greek neighbourhood during the Ottoman era and its streets still contain many old stone houses and churches dating from Byzantine and Ottoman times. The grand mansions between the main road and the shore of the Golden Horn were often used to store wood imported from the Black Sea (Pontos) area; one now houses Istanbul's Women's Library. Their picturesque façades were damaged as a result of street-widening work from the 1930s onwards.
Fener is sandwiched between Cibali and Balat on the southern shore of the Golden Horn. The steep hills behind it run up to the Fatih neighbourhood.
Fener is served by the T5 tram line which links it with Cibali and the small bus terminal (for buses to Anatolia) at
History
After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, Fener became home to many of the Greeks living in the city. The Patriarchate of Constantinople also moved here and remains here today. As a result, the term "Phanar" is sometimes used as a shorthand reference to the Ecumenical Patriarchate, just as "Vatican" is used for the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church.
During the Ottoman period, the Greek inhabitants of Fener were called
Attractions
Fener's most notable attraction is the walled compound that encloses the
The Church of St Mary of the Mongols (Panagia Muhliotissa, Theotokos Panagiotussa), inland and uphill from the Patriarchate, is interesting as the one church in Constantinople that was never turned into a mosque, even after the Conquest of Istanbul in 1453. The architect Atik Sinan (not to be confused with the better known Mimar Sinan) is said to have persuaded Sultan Mehmet II to allow it to continue providing services for the Greek population and a copy of the ferman (edict) decreeing this still hangs on the church wall.
Near the Church of St Mary of the Mongols is the huge red-brick Phanar Greek Orthodox College. The historian Dimitri Cantemir was a student here in the 17th century. Today it has only a tiny number of pupils. A second Greek school in Fener, the Maraşlı Greek Orthodox Primary School, is also an imposing building but no longer has any pupils.
Battered remnants of the
The back streets of Fener are full of two and three-storied terraced houses often with cumbas (bay windows) as well as a handful of much grander houses. Many have been converted to house cafes, restaurants and tourist accommodation.[2]
Blessing of the Waters
As elsewhere in the Orthodox world, every 6 January - the Feast of the Epiphany - a ceremony called the Blessing of the Waters take place in which a priest tosses a cross into water and swimmers race to see who can bring it back to shore first. In Istanbul this ceremony is performed by the Patriarch who tosses a cross into the Golden Horn to be retrieved by the swimmers.
Gallery
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Fener district in c. 1900.
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Exterior of St. George's Cathedral. The neo-Classical façade marks it out from other Orthodox churches in the Byzantine style.
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Residence of the patriarch in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in Fener.
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The Church of Saint Mary of the Mongols viewed from South.
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The Phanar Greek Orthodox College seen from a Rum house in Vodina Caddesi.
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Maraşlı Greek Orthodox Primary School. Built in the Ottoman era and funded by Grigorios Maraslis, it is not in use today
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A madrasa in Fener.
See also
- Bulgarian iron church of St. Stephen of the Bulgars
- Church of St George
- Church of St. Mary of the Mongols
- Bartholomew I of Constantinople
- Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
- Greeks in Turkey
- Greektown
- Phanar Greek Orthodox College
- Phanariotes
References
- ^ "Τριανταφυλλίδης On line Dictionary". Φανάρι(-ον) (3α). Retrieved October 7, 2006.
- ISBN 9789752307346.)
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