Ferdows

Coordinates: 34°01′09″N 58°10′23″E / 34.01917°N 58.17306°E / 34.01917; 58.17306
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Ferdows
فردوس
City
UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Routes Road 91
Websitehttp://ferdows.ir
Ferdows at GEOnet Names Server

Ferdows (

Romanized as Ferdos, Ferdous, and Firdaus; named Toon or Tūn until 1929)[3] is a city in the Central District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. Ferdous is located on the main axis connecting Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Fars provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.[5]

At the 2006 census, its population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.[6] The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.[7] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 28,695 people in 8,749 households.[2]

After the

South Khorasan Province in March 2007.[8]

History

Map of Iran during Abbasid Caliphate. Toon (Ferdows), Qaen and Tabas are the cities indicated in Quhistan (Nowadays South Khorasan Province).
Ferdows'(thun) name on the map 1705
Ferdows'(toun) name on the map 1787
Ferdows'(toon) name on the map 1814

Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.

The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of

Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[9][10]

In early 1751 the town was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasion of Khorasan under Shahrokh Shah.[11]

Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in

Khorasan province.[12] But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake
in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.

Geography

Ferdows is located on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town,

Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[13]
It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.

Climate

The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[14]

Climate data for Ferdows, Iran
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5)
12.7
(54.9)
17.3
(63.1)
24.7
(76.5)
30.3
(86.5)
35.7
(96.3)
36.6
(97.9)
35.2
(95.4)
32.3
(90.1)
25.8
(78.4)
18.9
(66.0)
12.9
(55.2)
24.4
(75.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4)
7.5
(45.5)
12.1
(53.8)
19.3
(66.7)
24.9
(76.8)
30.3
(86.5)
31.4
(88.5)
29.5
(85.1)
25.8
(78.4)
19.3
(66.7)
12.7
(54.9)
7.3
(45.1)
18.8
(65.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.0
(30.2)
0.7
(33.3)
4.7
(40.5)
10.5
(50.9)
14.9
(58.8)
19.7
(67.5)
21.8
(71.2)
19.2
(66.6)
14.5
(58.1)
9.3
(48.7)
4.3
(39.7)
0.9
(33.6)
10.0
(50.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26.0
(1.02)
28.0
(1.10)
34.6
(1.36)
18.2
(0.72)
5.1
(0.20)
0.4
(0.02)
0.1
(0.00)
0.4
(0.02)
0.1
(0.00)
2.4
(0.09)
6.5
(0.26)
26.0
(1.02)
147.8
(5.82)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm) 7.0 6.9 8.3 5.2 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.6 6.1 40.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 184 198 223 261 321 358 370 366 322 279 230 185 3,297
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)[15]

Main sights

The Religious School of Ferdos, once belonging to Safavid dynasty
A view of the historic house in Ferdows, Built in the Safavid era
The entrance to the historical museum
Historical tomb in Ferdows
Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock

Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:

Education and culture

Education and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers:    

Products

Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.[19]

Emad Nezam Tourism Complex

It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by remarkable and notable entrepreneur in Iran, Dr MohammadReza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the desert district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there since years ago. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:

  • Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
  • Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
  • Emad Nezam Sports Club
  • Emad Nezam Football Academy
  • Mofid Educational Complex
  • Polond Desert Tourism Camp[20]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (20 March 2023). "Ferdows, Ferdows County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 29. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Ferdows can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062926" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad". Lamtakam (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  5. ^ "Ferdows, Iran - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". www.geographic.org. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  6. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 29. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 29. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  8. ^ تصویب‌نامه در مورد تقسیمات کشوری راجع به شهرستان فردوس از استان خراسان رضوی‌ (in Persian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  9. ^ "Ferdows Municipality‌ Website" (in Persian).[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ "Ferdows Governorship" (in Persian). Archived from the original on 19 March 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  11. ^ Asia Publishing House New York (1859). Ahmad Shah Durrani (father Of Modern Afghanistan).
  12. ^ "Ferdows Municipality History Website" (in Persian).[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود (in Persian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
  14. ^ "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
  15. ^ "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
  16. ^ "Islamic Azad University, Ferdows | Ranking & Review". www.4icu.org. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  17. ^ "Qaen and Ferdows Medical Schools".
  18. ^ "دانشگاه فني و مهندسي فردوس؛ از تأسيس تا ارتقا". 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  19. ^ "Ferdows an Eastern Heaven". Iran Daily. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
  20. ^ "هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس". هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس.

External links