Fernandino people

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Fernandinos
Regions with significant populations

The Fernandino people are creoles, multi-ethnic or multi-racial populations who developed in Equatorial Guinea (Spanish Guinea). Their name is derived from the island of Fernando Pó, where many worked. This island was named for the Portuguese explorer Fernão do Pó, credited with discovering the region.

Each population had a distinct ethnic, social, cultural and linguistic history. Members of these communities provided most of the labor that built and expanded the cocoa farming industry on Fernando Pó during the 1880s and 1890s.

Lagos, the Fernandino also had family ties to those areas.[2] Eventually these ethnically distinct groups intermarried and integrated. In 21st-century Bioko
, their differences are considered marginal.

Native Fernandinos

The indigenous group of Fernandinos or Los Fernandinos, were mixed-race descendants of the indigenous population of

Spanish parentage, and were part of the emancipados social class. Many children from such unions were not claimed by the father; however, some couples married under Catholic law
. Because the Bubi women generally were responsible for rearing and caring for their mixed-race children, they identified with and were generally accepted by the Bubi tribe.

Similarly, the Portuguese-Indigenous descended mulatto population of São Tomé and Príncipe, an island also discovered by explorer Fernão do Pó, were also referred to as Fernandinos, at one point.

Language

Native Fernandinos spoke

Francoist Spain
, this creole dialect was stigmatized.

Religion

Most

Roman Catholic
. The mulatto Fernandinos were raised chiefly as Roman Catholic.

Krio Fernandinos

The other Fernandinos of

Africans
liberated from the illegal slave trade by British forces after 1808.

In separate actions, supported by the American Colonization Society, groups of free African Americans emigrated to Liberia, established as a US colony in West Africa, in the antebellum years. Their numbers were also added to by Africans liberated from the slave trade along the west coast of Africa.

Workers from both Sierra Leone and especially Liberia were transported as workers to

Bioko Island
. As English speakers with some Anglo culture, they became a dominant force in the evolution of local society and economy and took on leadership roles. They tended to marry among themselves, as they identified as separate from the local, less educated and/or liberated indigenous peoples. The Krios eventually blended with the local populations, with Krio women and children taking on the surnames of indigenous families. They have contributed to the ethnically/racially mixed peoples who live along the West Coast of Africa.

The Krios arrived from Sierra Leone on the island of Fernando Po in 1827, a year after Great Britain leased the island for 50 years. The Krios joined an influx of several hundred freed Creole African-descended immigrants from Cape Coast and other groups from British colonies in Africa. The Krios began populating the harbor known as Clarence Cove. The first inhabitants purchased dwellings for $3,000 to $5,000, along with a handful of large plantation owners who had engaged in the cocoa and yam farming industry. This was chiefly controlled by English and Spanish factory owners. A nineteenth-century British historian characterized Krios as noted for their scholastic achievement and business acumen.[3]

Marriage

The group is closely related to other West African Creole communities in Freetown, Cape Coast and Lagos. Endogamy was a common marriage practice, and families aligned themselves in order to maintain, and increase, property ownership as well as social and business alliances outside of the island. Because of this, prior to the 20th century, marriages with non-Creoles, known as bush marriages, were not recognized by the church or in estate claims. However, they were recognized socially.

Culture

Krio Fernandinos were heavily Anglophone and Protestant as well as a cultural arm of

Catholic
-convert which infuriated Gardener.

Krio Fernandinos were, initially, unimpressed and indifferent to Spanish rule. However, by the late-1800s, as Spanish cultural and religious influence grew on the island, Krio Fernandinos found that exclusively marrying into their traditional identity became less practical for political and economic survival.[4]

Language

Throughout the generations, the Fernandinos maintained their creole language,

Fernando Po Creole English and Pichinglis
have long been fused into one dialect.

Religion

The majority of Krio Fernandinos are

Protestant church in Bioko. Descendants of Iberian parentage tend to be Catholic
.

Notable Krio Fernandino families

See also

References

  1. 22 January 2009.
  2. ; p.152
  3. ^ Glimpses of Africa, West and Southwest coast. By Charles Spencer Smith; A.M.E. Sunday School Union, 1895; p. 164
  4. . Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  5. ^ Glimpses of Africa, West and Southwest coastBy Charles Spencer Smith; A.M.E. Sunday School Union, 1895

External links