Ferrari P
The Ferrari P was a series of Italian sports prototype racing cars produced by Ferrari during the 1960s and early 1970s.
Although
The V12 sports car racers followed in 1963. Although these cars shared their numerical designations (based on engine displacement) with road models, they were almost entirely different. The first Ferrari mid-engine road car did not arrive until the 1967
250 P
Ferrari produced the 250 P in 1963 in response to the
The 250 P achieved immediate success on the racetrack, winning the 1963
In total Ferrari produced four 250 P chassis (serial numbers 0810, 0812, 0814 and 0816) and one
275 P and 330 P
For the 1964 season, Ferrari developed the 275 P and 330 P. These were improved versions of the 250 P with larger displacement engines and slightly modified bodywork. The tubular space-frame chassis and most other components remained the same as in the 250 P. The 275 P used a bored-out 3.3L version of the 250 Testa Rossa-type engine originally utilized by the 250 P. The 330 P used a different design, a 4.0L Colombo-designed V12 based on engines used in the 400 Superamerica road cars. The 330 P developed more power than the 275 P (370 bhp vs 320 bhp) but weighed more (785 kg vs 755 kg). Some drivers preferred the extra power of the 330 P while others appreciated the more nimble feel of the 275 P and the two models were raced concurrently.[3][10][11][12] Production of these types included three brand new chassis and conversions of all four 250 P chassis. It is not possible to clearly determine the number of chassis produced with each engine type as 275 and 330 engines were swapped as needed between cars.[13]
275 P and 330 P cars were actively and successfully raced by Scuderia Ferrari, NART and Maranello Concessionaires during 1964 and 1965 seasons.[3][4][14] The most notable result was a 1-2-3 sweep at the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans. The Scuderia Ferrari-run 275 P driven by Guichet and Vaccarella took first, followed by a Maranello Concessionaires 330 P (Hill/Bonnier) in second and a Scuderia Ferrari 330 P (Bandini/Surtees) in third.[15][16][17][18]
250 LM
At the November 1963 Paris Auto Show, Ferrari introduced the 250 LM (Le Mans). It was developed as a
32 total 250 LM chassis were built from 1963 to 1965, with all but the first chassis (s/n 5149, the Paris Auto Show car with a 250 P engine) powered by 3.3-litre 320 bhp (238 kW) engines as used in the 275 P. According to Ferrari naming convention, the 3.3 litre cars should have been designated "275 LM", however
The 250 LM was successfully raced around the world by both factory-supported and privateer racers. Unlike the 250/275/330 P cars, new 250 LMs were sold to private customers and campaigned by privateer teams. From 1964 through 1967, 250 LMs were raced by
The 250 LM is highly sought-after by serious auto collectors and individual cars are often featured at auctions, car shows and historic racing events. 250 LMs typically sell for more than US$10 million and auction records for this model have been repeatedly broken in the past 10 years.[29][30][31][32][33]
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1964 Ferrari 250 LM (chassis 6321) owned by Ralph Lauren at the 2014 Lime Rock Concours d'Élegance
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Ferrari 250 LM (chassis 5893), the last Ferrari to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans until 2023, on display at Amelia Island in 2013
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250 LM 'Stradale' at the Museo Ferrari
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Note the elongated rear window on this specific car
275 P2 and 330 P2
Two entirely new cars, the 275 P2 and 330 P2, followed in 1965. Featuring lower and lighter
275 P2
In many publications, the 275P2 is equated with the Ferrari 330P2 , a circumstance that is avoided here with good reason. This separation is carried out in all result lists of international sports car races, since the two types of car differ significantly in terms of engine performance, triggered by the displacement size of the 12-cylinder engine.
The 275P2 no longer had a classic space frame. As practiced from 1963 with the Ferrari Formula 1 monoposto racing car, a self-supporting body made of riveted aluminium sheets was manufactured by Carrozzeria Fantuzzi. The rear suspension was carried over from the Formula 1 Ferrari 158. Unlike the previous 275 model, the 275P2 had wider rims and tubeless Dunlop racing tyres. Power was transmitted via a newly developed 5-speed gearbox.
The 275P2 received a new V12 engine with four overhead camshafts. The engine had six twin Weber carburetors and two spark plugs per cylinder. While the displacement of the 330P2 was 4 liters, this type had the 3.3-liter variant. The specified engine output was 350 hp @ 7200 rpm.
The 275P2 made its track debut in April 1965 on the test day of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The first race was two weeks later at the 1000 km race in Monza, which ended with a victory for the driver pairing Mike Parkes/Jean Guichet. The next victory followed two weeks later; Nino Vaccarella and Lorenzo Bandini won the Targa Florio.[34]
At the 1000 km race at the Nürburgring, Parkes and Guichet were beaten only by teammates John Surtees and Ludovico Scarfiotti in the more powerful 330P2. The last time a 275P2 was used, was in August 1965, when Giampiero Biscaldi finished third in the Ollon-Villars Hillclimb.
330 P2
In many publications, the 330P2 is equated with the Ferrari 275P2, which is probably wrong. Because in all result lists of international sports car races, the types are separated because they differ significantly in terms of engine power and displacement of the 12-cylinder engines.
The 330P2 no longer had a classic space frame. As practiced from 1963 with the Ferrari Formula 1 monoposto racing car, a self-supporting body made of riveted aluminium sheets was developed. It was made by Carrozzeria Fantuzzi . The rear suspension was carried over from the Ferrari 158 Formula One car. Unlike the previous 330 models, the 330P2 had wider rims and tubeless Dunlop racing tires. The power was transmitted via a newly developed 5-speed gearbox.
The 330P2 received a new V12 engine (bank angle 60°) with four overhead camshafts. The engine had six twin Weber carburetors and two spark plugs per cylinder. While the displacement of the 275P2 was 3.3 liters, this type had the 4-liter variant or 3969 cm3 (bore 77 mm, stroke 71 mm). The engine output was 410 hp at 8200 rpm (according to other sources 420 hp at 8000 rpm). According to Ferrari, the car weighed around 820 kg dry and had a wheelbase of 2400 mm.
The 330P2 made its racing debut in the 1965 World Sportscar Championship. At the first race of the year, the Daytona 2000 km race, chassis 0838 was entered for John Surtees and Pedro Rodríguez. Surtees set the best lap time in practice with a time of 2:00.600 minutes. The time corresponds to an average speed of 183.032 km/h. In the race, the car retired after 116 laps due to damage to the rear axle. The vehicle had been in the lead almost all the time until it retired. A 330P2, this time chassis 0828, was also the fastest vehicle on the test day for the 24-hour race in Le Mans.
In the second race, the 1000 km race in Monza, Surtees and Ludovico Scarfiotti only had to admit defeat to teammates Mike Parkes and Jean Guichet in the 275P2 sister model. At the race on the Nürburing, Surtees and Scarfiotti took revenge and celebrated the first and only race victory with the 330P2. They drove the 1003.640 km in 6:53:05.4 hours or at an average speed of 145.775 km/h. Parkes/Guichet in the 275P2 finished second, 44.8 seconds back.
However, its use in the Le Mans 24-hour race turned out to be a fiasco. Both vehicles failed. The Surtees/Scarfiotti car suffered clutch failure after 225 laps and the second 330P2 with Jean Glichet at the wheel rolled to a stop on Sunday morning with gearbox failure. The last racing action for a 330P2 was in September 1965 at a Can-Am race, the Player's Mont-Tremblant, in which David Piper finished second to John Surtees, who had entered a Lola T70 privately.
365 P2
For 1965 Ferrari also built a customer version of P2 cars; they were equipped with a SOHC 4.4 L engine and thus were named 365 P2. In 1966 Ferrari upgraded their 365 P2 cars with new bodywork by Piero Drogo.
330 P3
The 1966 330 P3 introduced
There are no longer any Ferrari P3s extant as the original P3 0846 was converted to a P3/P4 and definitively written off and scrapped by Ferrari due to previous accident damage and fire damage it sustained at Le Mans 1967, and P3s 0844 and 0848 were converted to P3/412 Ps by Ferrari. At a later point P3/412P 0844 was converted by Ferrari to a 330 Can-Am and in the 1990s returned to P3/412P configuration in private ownership.
In order to be able to accept the challenge posed by the competition from the Ford GT40, the P2 was consistently further developed. Since increasing displacement was not part of Ferrari's philosophy - some Ford GT40s had 7-liter V8 engines - better performance could only be achieved through reduced weight and improved aerodynamics. Three new bodies were therefore created in the workshop of Piero Drogo, who also gave the customer 365P2 a new shape.[35]
In 1966, Ferrari used Lucas injection for the first time in the P3. Like the P2, the P3 had dual ignition and four overhead camshafts. Ferrari specified 420 hp at 8000 rpm as performance. The vehicle had a ZF gearbox and a Borg&Beck clutch.[36]
The P3 made its racing debut at the 1966 Sebring 12 Hour, with Mike Parkes and Bob Bondurant behind the wheel. After finishing second in qualifying, the duo retired after 178 laps in second place with a gearbox failure. But the second mission brought the Scuderia a historic success. Mike Parkes, this time with partner John Surtees, won the Monza 1000 km race ahead of the two Ford GT40s driven by Masten Gregory / John Whitmore and Herbert Müller/Willy Mairesse. This achievement is significant in that Monza was driven for the last time on the original 10km track including the banked corners.[37]
At the 1966 Targa Florio, Nino Vaccarella and Lorenzo Bandini failed because of Bandini's impetuous driving style, much to the chagrin of the Sicilian Vaccarella. In a superior position in the lead, Bandini lost control of the P3 in a narrow passage and damaged the front of the car so badly in the accident that it was unthinkable to continue. Victory at the 1000 km race at Spa-Francorchamps followed, driven out again by Mike Parkes and John Surtees.[38]
In the 1966 1000 km race on the Nürburgring, the two Brits retired prematurely after taking pole position due to clutch damage. The Ferrari didn't stand a chance against the superiority of Ford in the Le Mans 24-hour race. Enzo Ferrari also made an exception to the usual vehicle policy at the Sarthe and ceded a P3 to Luigi Chinetti's North American Racing Team. There, chassis 0846 was converted into the only P3 Spyder, driven by Pedro Rodríguez and Richie Ginther. However, the car failed after just 151 laps with gearbox damage. The two factory cars didn't fare much better. Mike Parkes was involved in an accident in the number 20 car he shared with Ludovico Scarfiotti. The second works car, starting number 21 and driven by Jean Guichet and Lorenzo Bandini, had an engine failure.[39]
In 1967 the P3s were replaced by the P4s and two copies were given to the Scuderia Filipinetti.
412 P
The Ferrari 412 P was a "customer version" of the famous 330 P3 race car, built for independent teams like NART (0844), Scuderia Filipinetti (0848), Francorchamps (0850), and Maranello Concessionaires (0854). These cars had carburetor engines instead of the factory Lucas fuel injection. Surviving 412 P cars are worth approximately $35–45 million USD according to Cavallino Magazines' current Buyers Guide.[40][41]
There are only two cars that were originally built as 412 Ps: 0850 and 0854. P3 chassis. P3 Typo Motors except for carburetors in place of FI. P4
The 412 P and P4 models weren't eligible for the
Two 412 P Berlinettas were originally built. Two P3s were converted to 412Ps by Ferrari:
- 0844 Originally a works Berlinetta was converted by Ferrari from a P3 to into a customer concessionaires P3/412 P, then by Ferrari and NART to an open Barchetta 330 Can-Am, and is currently in Germany fitted with a Berlinetta 412 P body.
- 0848 Originally a works Berlinetta was converted by Ferrari from a P3 to a customer concessionaires P3/412 P and is currently in Switzerland.
- 0850 Originally a customer concessionaire Berlinetta, was at one time, in private ownership, converted for road use as a spyder but was later refitted with a Berlinetta body and is currently owned by an American. Ferrari Classiche restoration was completed in 2017.
- 0854 Originally a customer concessionaire Berlinetta, in private ownership was heavily burned out and "virtually destroyed" at a race in East London, S.A. 1969 when it had an open/Barchetta GRP body fitted to it by modifying and cutting the rear of chassis. The remains were rebuilt, again as an open Barchetta and then further rebuilt into a 412P Esque Spyder and used on the road. It has now been returned to Berlinetta configuration using the original front and rear clips and doors but the main center part of the body, roof, and sills have been remade in the US where it is owned.
330 P4
1967 was a banner year for the Enzo Ferrari motor company, as it saw the production of the mid-engined 330 P4,[47] a V12-engined endurance car intended to replace the previous year's 330 P3. Only four Ferrari P4-engined cars were ever made: three new 330 P4s and one ex P3 chassis (0846). Their three-valve cylinder head was modeled after those of Italian Grand Prix-winning Formula One cars. To this was added the same fuel injection system from the P3 for an output of up to 450 hp (331 kW).[48]
The P3 had won the
Since then, the fate of these four cars has been the subject of much attention.[50]
- 0846. Built in 1966 as the first of 3 works 330 P3s and the only P3 Spyder. Retained by the works at the end of 1966 and used as the basis for the new P4 and partially converted to P4 specification for 1967. Ferrari states 0846 no longer exists. It was decided by the factory to scrap the chassis due to its previous accident history and fire damage sustained at Le Mans, 1967. The original chassis number has been written off Ferrari's books as an existing chassis, but the number is still in their ownership. [citation needed]
- 0856 was originally built as a Berlinetta but converted by the factory into a Spyder for Brands Hatch, 1967 as it remains today. 0856 was sold to a new owner in 2020.
- 0858 was originally a Berlinetta but converted by Ferrari into a Spyder for Brands Hatch, 1967 and later in the year converted into a 350 Can-Am by them. Now fitted with a P4 Berlinetta body and is in German ownership.
- 0860 was also originally a Berlinetta and converted to a Spyder for Brands Hatch, 1967 and like 0858 converted by Ferrari to a 350 Can-Am but was fitted with a P4 Spyder body in the early 1970s by its then French owner in whose family it remains today.
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s/n 0846 at Targa Florio, 1967
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s/n 0856 at 1000km Monza, 1967
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s/n 0858 at Retromobile, 2020
312 P
After boycotting sports car racing in 1968 to protest the rule change, Ferrari built another 3000cc prototype in 1968, named the 312 P.[51][52]
The 3.0 Ferrari 312P Barchetta and 3.0 Ferrari 312P Berlinetta were hardly more than 3-litre F1
Three 312 Ps were built:
0868 Spyder configuration, dismantled after Monza accident
0870 Berlinetta configuration in Bardinon Collection
0872 Berlinetta configuration (and Spyder body available) in Switzerland
312 P (1971-1973)
In 1971, another rule change was announced for 1972, and Ferrari abandoned further development of the 512M in order to focus on a new 3 Litre prototype based on the 312B F1 car. The 312P would prove fast but fragile in its debut at the 1971 Sebring 12 hours. Further development over the 1971 season brought increased reliability. The press added a "B" to 312P. Ferrari official records: Ferrari 312 P.[55][56]
The 312Ps with the flat-12 boxer engine were very successful, winning ten out of eleven races in the
The team competed in the
499P (2023)
After 50 years, Ferrari returned to produce a prototype for 24 Hours of Le Mans racing. The Ferrari 499P belonging to the Le Mans Hypercar class, was unveiled to the public on the evening of 29 October 2022 at Finali Mondiali in Imola.[61][62][63] On its first outing at the 2023 24 Hours of Le Mans, the 499P driven by Antonio Giovinazzi, Alessandro Pier Guidi and James Calado won the race.[64] It was Ferrari's first overall victory at Le Mans since the 1965 24 Hours of Le Mans, ending the streak of five victories by Toyota Gazoo Racing.
References
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- ^ a b "Ferrari 250 P (1963) - Ferrari.com". Ferrari GT - en-EN. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
- ^ OCLC 6943577.
- ^ a b "RM Sotheby's - 1963 Ferrari 275 P | Private Sales". RM Sotheby's. 2018-08-22. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
- ^ "246 SP s/n 0796". www.barchetta.cc. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
- ^ "250 P s/n 0810". www.barchetta.cc. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
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- ^ "250 P s/n 0814". www.barchetta.cc. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
- ^ "250 P s/n 0816". www.barchetta.cc. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
- ^ "330 P - Born to Run". Cavallino. 44: 32–39. April 1988.
- ^ "Ferrari 275 P (1964) - Ferrari.com". Ferrari GT - en-EN. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
- ^ "Ferrari 330 P (1964) - Ferrari.com". Ferrari GT - en-EN. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
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- ^ "The Maranello concessions racing team | Motor Sport Magazine Archive". Motor Sport Magazine. 2014-07-07. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
- ^ "1964 Le Mans 24 Hours | Motor Sport Magazine Database". Motor Sport Magazine. 2017-06-13. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
- ^ "Ferrari 275 P (1964) - Ferrari.com". www.ferrari.com.
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- ^ a b "Ferrari 250 LM (1963) - Ferrari.com". Ferrari GT - en-EN. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
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- ^ Katya Kazakina (22 November 2013). "Ferrari 250 LM Sells for Record $14.3 Million in New York". Bloomberg.
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- ^ "Ferrari 330/P4". Road & Track (May 1967): 114–116.
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- ^ "Great racing cars: 1971-73 Ferrari 312PB". Motor Sport Magazine. November 18, 2015.
- ^ "1971 - 1973 Ferrari 312 PB - Images, Specifications and Information". Ultimatecarpage.com.
- ^ "Ferrari 312PB results". Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ "Ferrari 312PB Ends An Era With A Bang" – via petrolicious.com.
- ^ "Ferrari 499P revealed as 2023 Le Mans Hypercar contender". evo.co.uk. evo.co.uk. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "Finali Mondiali 2022". ferrari.com. ferrari.com. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "Ferrari 499P Le Mans Hypercar". ferrari.com. ferrari.com. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
- ^ "Le Mans 24 Hours: Ferrari beats Toyota in race of attrition". 11 June 2023.
External links
- Ferrari 412P #0844 restoration
- Ferrari 412P #0854 wreck (Paul Hawkins biography 'Hawkeye' by McLeod and 'Pipes" book by Mills, Reed & Young)
- Ferrari 412P #0854 restoration
- Ferrari 330 P4 history #0856
- Ferrari 330 P4 #0858 restoration