Ferrous
In
, meaning "iron".In
anions are bound to the FeII centre.Iron(III) in biology
All known forms of life require iron.[1] Many proteins in living beings contain iron(III) centers. Examples of such metalloproteins include hemoglobin, ferredoxin, and the cytochromes. In many of these proteins, Fe(II) converts reversibly to Fe(III) [2]
Insufficient iron in the human diet causes
In contrast to iron(III) aquo complexes, iron(II) aquo complexes are soluble in water near neutral pH. Ferrous is however oxidized by the oxygen in air, converting to iron(III).
Iron(II) salts and complexes
Typically iron(II) salts, like the "
The aquo ligands on iron(II) complexes are labile. It reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline to give the blue iron(II) derivative:
When metallic iron (oxidation state 0) is placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid, iron(II) chloride is formed, with release of hydrogen gas, by the reaction
- Fe0 + 2 H+ → Fe2+ + H2
Iron(II) is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to
-
Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + HO• + OH−
(1)
-
Fe3+ + H2O2 → Fe2+ + HOO• + H+
(2)
The
Iron(II) minerals and other solids
Iron(II) is found in many minerals and solids. Examples include the sulfide and oxide, FeS and FeO. These formulas are deceptively simple because these sulfides and oxides are often
Bonding
Iron(II) is a d6 center, meaning that the metal has six "valence" electrons in the 3d orbital shell. The number and type of ligands bound to iron(II) determine how these electrons arrange themselves. With so-called "strong field ligands" such as
Gallery
-
Ferrous nitrate hexahydrate, Fe(NO3)2·6H2O
-
Ferrous oxalate dihydrate, Humboldtine, FeC2O4·2H2O
-
Vivianite, Ferrous phosphate octahydrate, Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O
-
Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, Melanterite, FeSO4·7H2O
-
Ferrous sulfide, Troilite, FeS
-
Ferrous silicate,Ferrosilite, FeSiO3
See also
- Ferric – The element iron in its +3 oxidation state — [ Iron(III)] compounds
- Ferromagnetism – Mechanism by which materials form into and are attracted to magnets
- Ferrous metal recycling– Recyclable materials left over from manufactured products after their use
- Iron(II) oxide – Inorganic compound with the formula FeO (ferrous oxide)
- Iron(II) bromide – chemical compound (ferrous bromide)
- Steelmaking – Process for producing steel from iron ore and scrap
References
- ^ "Iron integral to the development of life on Earth – and the possibility of life on other planets". University of Oxford. 7 December 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ISBN 0-935702-73-3.
- ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
- S2CID 231712587.