Fertility in art

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Piero di Cosimo: Venus, Mars and Cupid, Cupid (lying on Venus) clings to a white rabbit, a symbol of birth and fertility

Fertility in art refers to any

Paleolithic art
, fertility is usually associated with figurines with exaggerated parts of human anatomy.

Many civilisations in history believed in fertility

reproduce prolifically are also seen in art depicting fertility.[3]

Traditional cultures

Venus of Willendorf, considered to be an example of fertility in art.

Fertility was present in art traditionally in many different forms. These include ceramic figures from some

thighs, or vulva
of the subject.

Two of the earliest known possible depictions of fertility in art are the

BCE), an oolitic limestone figurine of a woman whose breasts and hips have been exaggerated to emphasise her fertility found in Austria and the Fertility Goddess of Cernavoda (c. 5,000 BCE) found in Romania, a small figurine that is meant to possibly show fertility. Historians consider these figurines to be goddesses. It is believed that worshippers would push the pointed legs into the earth to erect a temporary shrine for the goddess. The rotundity and obesity of these figurines were seen as attractive in early times when food was scarce.[4]

Western art

Early forms

Titian, copy of the Venus Anadyomene

sculptures, which are meant to show fertility.[2]

putti
, beams of light, rabbits and birds. Germanic people look up at the goddess from the realm below.

themes
are fertility and rebirth, is often surrounded by hares in art. In Christianity, white rabbits are considered to be symbols of rebirth and fertility and are seen on a wing of the high altar in Freiburg Minster, where they are playing at the feet of two pregnant women, Mary and Elizabeth. In
Arnolfini portrait, a carving of St. Margaret of Antioch (patron saint of childbirth) appears in the center background of the painting. The presence of this symbol in the painting either promises fertility in the marriage or announces the pregnancy of the bride.[8]

Modern

Paula Modersohn-Becker's series of self-portraits showing her pregnant even before she had actually been so represent her fertility.[9]

Jewish. The Painting portrays the fertility
of the young couple, particularly that of the woman.

The shoe tied to the happy couple's car can be seen to represent the fertile vagina, as with The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe, a nursery rhyme.[10]

In

Botticelli's Primavera, on one hand the Three Graces represented by nubile young women embody the sexual powers of springtime while opposite them Flora, the goddess of Spring is a symbol of motherhood and, by her distribution of the roses gathered in her skirt, believed to represent the good things of life.[11]

In

Hal Saflieni Reclining Woman and the Venuses of Lespugue and Willendorf, which with their heavy, ripe, bulging forms can be viewed as ancestresses of Picasso's images of female fecundity.[13]

Literature

In The Bacchae, an ancient Greek tragedy written by Athenian playwright Euripides, Dionysus is mentioned as a male fertility god that represented a special kind of vitality that is sometimes referred to as the Life Force. It is described a force which, in itself, is neither good nor bad, but one that simply exists.[14]

When at the close of Possession: A Romance, a novel by A. S. Byatt, the two lovers Randolph Henry Ash and Christabel LaMotte finally unite in the midst of a great storm. They wake the next day to find that the whole world had a strange new smell. It is described as 'a green smell, a smell of shredded leaves and oozing resin, of crushed wood and splashed sap, a tart smell, which bore some relation to the smell of bitten apples.' It was the described as the smell of death and destruction, however, it was said to smell fresh, lively and hopeful.[15]

Notes

  1. ^ "Greek Goddess of the Earth". www.goddess-guide.com. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  2. ^ a b "Laura Cumming on fertility in art and the birth of her twins". the Guardian. 2008-03-30. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  3. ISBN 9781317598077
    – via Google Books.
  4. ^ Roberts, 747
  5. ^ Roberts, 140
  6. ^ "Venus Rising from the Sea ('Venus Anadyomene')". National Galleries of Scotland. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  7. ^ C. G. Jung, Man and his Symbols (1964) p. 99
  8. ^ Roberts, 749
  9. ^ Roberts, 64
  10. ^ G. Legman, The Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1973) Vol II p. 90
  11. ^ Edmund Swinglehurts, Botticelli (1994) p. 26-7
  12. ^ John Golding, in D. H Kahnweiler et al eds., Picasso 1881/1973 (1973) p. 184
  13. ^ Golding, p. 115-6
  14. ^ Neil Curry trans., Euripides (Cambridge 1981) p. 164 and p. 116
  15. ^ A. S. Byatt, Possession: A Romance (1991) p. 507

See also

References

  • Roberts, Helene E., Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art, 2013, Routledge,
    ISBN 1136787933, 9781136787935, google books

Further reading
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