Field marshal (India)
Field Marshal | |
---|---|
Country | India |
Service branch | Indian Army |
Abbreviation | FM |
Rank | Five star |
Formation | 26 January 1950 |
Next higher rank | None |
Next lower rank | General |
Equivalent ranks |
Equivalent ranks of Indian military
| ||
---|---|---|
Indian Navy | Indian Army | Indian Air Force |
Commissioned ranks
| ||
Admiral of the fleet |
Field marshal | Marshal of the Indian Air Force |
Admiral | General | Air chief marshal
|
Vice admiral |
Lieutenant general |
Air marshal
|
Rear admiral | Major general | Air vice marshal |
Commodore | Brigadier | Air commodore |
Captain | Colonel | Group captain |
Commander | Lieutenant colonel | Wing commander
|
Lieutenant commander | Major | Squadron leader |
Lieutenant | Captain | Flight lieutenant |
Sub lieutenant |
Lieutenant | Flying officer |
Junior commissioned ranks
| ||
Master chief petty officer 1st class |
Subedar major[Alt 1] |
Master warrant officer
|
Master chief petty officer 2nd class |
Subedar[Alt 2] | Warrant officer |
Chief petty officer |
Naib subedar[Alt 3] |
Junior warrant officer
|
Non-commissioned ranks
| ||
Petty officer | Havildar | Sergeant |
Leading seaman | Naik | Corporal |
Seaman 1 | Lance naik | Leading aircraftsman
|
Seaman 2 | Sepoy | Aircraftsman
|
Footnotes
| ||
Field marshal (abbreviated as FM) is a five–star officer rank and the highest attainable rank in the Indian Army. Field marshal ranks immediately above general, but is not in use in the army's current structure. Awarded only twice, field marshal is a rank bestowed on generals for ceremonial purposes or during times of war.
Field marshal is equivalent to admiral of the fleet in the Indian Navy and Marshal of the Indian Air Force. There has never been an admiral of the fleet in the Indian Navy. Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh is the only officer to hold an equivalent rank to the Indian Army's two field marshals.
History
To date, only two Indian Army officers have been conferred the rank. It was first conferred to
The second individual to be conferred the rank was
Overview
Field marshal is the five-star rank and highest attainable rank in the Indian Army. It is a ceremonial or wartime rank, having been awarded only twice.[7]
A field marshal receives the full pay of a full general, and is considered a serving officer until their death. They are entitled to wear a full uniform on all ceremonial occasions.[7]
Insignia
A field marshal's insignia consists of the
Rank holders
Sam Manekshaw
Sam Manekshaw,
Manekshaw rose to be the 8th COAS of the Indian Army in 1969,[13] and under his command Indian forces conducted successful campaigns against Pakistan in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971.The war lasted for 13 days and 09 months in Bangladesh. Indian Army joined as an ally force with Bangladesh for 13 days from 3 December to 16 December. On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi of the Pakistan Army signed the Instrument of Surrender at Dhaka in the presence of Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, Lt. Gen. J. F. R. Jacob and other Senior Officers of the Indian Army. More than 93000 Pakistani Soldiers surrendered to the allied force led by Indian Army, which was recorded as one among the largest surrenders in history. The decisive results achieved by the Indian Army during this war, under the able military leadership of Manekshaw, gave the nation a new sense of confidence,[14] and in recognition of his services, in January 1973 the President of India conferred the rank of field marshal on him.[1] He was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan, the second and third highest Indian civilian awards respectively, for his services to the Indian nation.[11][15]
Controversies
Though Sam Manekshaw was conferred the rank of field marshal in 1973, it was reported that he was never given the complete allowances he was entitled to as a field marshal. It was not until President
Kodandera Madappa Cariappa
Kodandera Madappa Cariappa,
He was the first Indian officer to attend the course at Staff College, Quetta, the first Indian to command a battalion
He led the Indian forces in
See also
- Army ranks and insignia of India
- Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh
- Field marshal
- Five-star rank
Notes
References
- ^ a b Singh 2005, p. 215.
- ^ a b c Sharma 2007, pp. 59–61.
- ^ a b Lt Gen Sk Sinha. "The Making of a Field Marshal". Indian Defence Review. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ a b Singh 2005, p. 49.
- ^ a b c d Sharma 2007, pp. 43–45.
- ^ "Cariappa made Field Marshal" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d "Did You Know That Only 3 People Have Been Given The Highest Ranks In The Indian Armed Forces?". Scoop Whoop. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 183.
- ^ Singh 2005, pp. 188–189.
- ^ Singh 2002, pp. 237–259.
- ^ a b Vinod Saighal (29 June 2008). "Obituary Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ Tarun Vijay (30 June 2008). "Saluting Sam Bahadur". Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 213.
- ^ Singh 2005, pp. 210–211.
- ^ "Play It Again, Sam". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ Nitin Gokhale (3 April 2014). "Remembering Sam Manekshaw, India's greatest general, on his birth centenary". NDTV. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ a b Singh 2005, p. 21.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 23.
- ^ "Viewing Page 7663 of Issue 32878". The London Gazette. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ "Structure". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 29.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 33.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 34.
- ^ Singh 2005, p. 46.
- ^ "Previous High Commissioners". The High Commission of India in Australia. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-0-7619-3322-9
- Sharma, Satinder (2007), Services Chiefs of India, Northern Book Centre, ISBN 978-81-7211-162-5
Further reading
- Singh, Depinder (2002), Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, M.C.: Soldiering with Dignity, Natraj, ISBN 978-81-85019-02-4
- ISBN 978-81-89738-26-6.
- Edel Weis (2002). Field Marshal Cariappa: The Man who Touched the Sky. New Delhi: Roopa & Co. ISBN 978-81-7167-944-7.