English: From source: The timetree is the all-compatible consensus tree summarized from the Bayesian total-evidence dating analysis on the partitioned data (Supplementary Codes 1-3). The node ages in the tree are the posterior medians, and the error bars at the nodes denote the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. The shade of each circle represents the posterior probability of the corresponding clade. The color of the branch represents the median relative evolutionary rate of the feeding mechanism characters at that branch. The median values of the relative rates in some focal branches are shown in Supplementary Fig. 3. The oral disc and dentition were redrawn according to relevant literatures3, 9,10,11,12, 39. Abbreviations: C., Caspiomyzon; Cam., Cambrian; Carbon., Carboniferous; Dev., Devonian; En., Entosphenus; Eu., Eudontomyzon; G., Geotria; I., Ichthyomyzon; La., Lampetra; Le., Lethenteron; M., Mordacia; Ord., Ordovician; P., Petromyzon; Perm., Permian; Sil., Silurian; T., Tetrapleurodon; Y., Yanliaomyzon.