Identifier: physiologybioche00macl (find matches)
Title: Physiology and biochemistry in modern medicine
Year: 1918 (1910s)
Authors: Macleod, John James Rickard, 1876-1935 Pearce, R. G. (Roy Gentry), 1884-
Subjects: Physiology Biochemistry
Publisher: St. Louis : Mosby
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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. When the land is atrophied atbirth, the condition of cretinism soon becomes developed (Fig. 194). Thecharacteristic features of cretinism are: (1) An arrest of growth, espe-cially of the skeleton, accompanied by incomplete ossification of the longbones and failure of the fontanelles of the skull to close properly. (2)Poor development of the muscular system. ; 3) An unhealthy, dry. swollencondition of the skin, so that it is yellowish in color, the face being pale 754 T1IK ENDOCRINE ORGANS, OR DUCTLESS GLANDS and puffy. (4) An abnormal development of the connective tissuescausing a shapeless condition of the surface; the abdomen is alwaysswollen, the hands and feet are shapeless, and the nose depressed. (5)The nervous system also fails to develop properly, so that at the age ofpuberty or over, the child remains like an infant in his mental behavior,idiotism being common. Indeed, the whole clinical picture is so char-acteristic that once having seen a case no one can fail afterward to
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Pig. 194.—Cretin, nineteen years old. The treatment with thyroid extract started too late to be otbenefit. (Patient of Dr. S. J. Webster.) recognize the disease. Besides being due to congenital absence of thethyroid (sporadic type), cretinism may also occur as a result of goitrousdegeneration of the gland. This forms the so-called endemic variety ofthe disease, and is more commonly seen in goitrous districts, being notinfrequently associated with disease of the parathyroid, in which casethe nervous symptoms are very prominent. Atrophy of the thyroid in adults causes the clinical condition known Tin TIIYROU) \\l» P \i: Alin i: <a. wns ,.,.. as myxedema, and here .-main the symptoms are very characteristic (Fig.195). The skin is dry and thick, with a deposition of connective tissueoften containing Fal in its deeper layers; the hands and Feel becomeunshapely; the lips thick and the tongue somewhal enlarged, so thaiwhen the person attempts to speak, i1 appears as if the

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