English: Entry mechanisms of Old World (OW) and New World (NW) arenaviruses. OW arenaviruses bind to α-dystroglycan (α-DG) with the exception of Lujo virus (LUJV) which binds NRP-2. OW arenaviruses enter via a clathrin-independent mechanism involving multivesicular body formation and sorting through the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Highly pathogenic NW arenaviruses use human transferrin receptor 1 (hTrf1), or species-specific orthologs, and enter via clathrin-mediated mechanisms. NW virus particles are delivered to EEA1-positive endosomes and then to late endosomal compartments in a Rab5 and Rab7-dependent manner. Upon exposure to low pH in the late endosome, conformational changes in the arenavirus glycoprotein lead to fusion and release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Lassa virus (LASV) particles require a receptor switch to lysosome associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) in the late endosome. Similarly, LUJV switches to CD63 to mediate fusion.