First Constitutional Era

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Constitutional history of
Turkey
First Ottoman Parliament at the Old Darülfünun building
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Constitutions
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Part of a series on the
History of the
Ottoman Empire
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Timeline
Rise (1299–1453)
Classical Age (1453–1566)
Transformation (1566–1703)
  • Köprülü Era
    (1656–1703)
Old Regime (1703–1789)
  • Tulip Era
    (1718–1730)
Decline & Modernization (1789–1908)
  • Nizam-i Djedid
    (late 18th and early 19th)
  • Tanzimat Era (1839–1876)
  • 1st Constitutional Era
    (1876–1878)
Dissolution (1908–1922)
Historiography (Ghaza, Decline)

The First Constitutional Era (

Basic Law' or 'Fundamental Law' in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans, that began on 23 December 1876 and lasted until 14 February 1878.[1][2] These Young Ottomans were dissatisfied by the Tanzimat and instead pushed for a constitutional government similar to that in Europe.[3] The constitutional period started with the dethroning of Sultan Abdulaziz. Abdul Hamid II took his place as Sultan.[4] The era ended with the suspension of the Ottoman Parliament and the constitution by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, with which he restored his own absolute monarchy
.

The first constitutional era did not include a

Chamber of Deputies (مجلس مبعوثان, Meclis-i Mebusan), while the upper house was the Senate
(مجلس أعيان, Heyet-i Ayan). The initial selection of deputies was made by administrative councils in the provinces (also called Meclis-i Umumi).

After the establishment of the General Assembly in the provinces, the members selected the deputies from within the assembly to form the

Grand Vizier
become the speaker of Senate. The two elections happened between 1877 and 1878.

First term, 1877

Mehmed Kani Pasha, member of the first Ottoman Parliament.
See also: First 1877 Ottoman general election

The members' reactions to the approaching war were very strong, and Sultan Abdul Hamid II asked for new elections citing the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

Ottoman constitutional period
Illustrated London News
Meeting of the first Parliament later on the same day at the Old Darülfünun building
.

Second term, 1878

Mehmed Raif Pasha, member of the first Ottoman Parliament.
See also: Second 1877 Ottoman general election

The life of the second term of the parliament was merely a few days, as after the initial speeches by the members from

Balkan vilayets
, Abdul Hamid II closed the parliament, citing social unrest.

The president of the Chamber of Deputies was a Deputy from Jerusalem, Yusif Dia Pasha Al Khalidi.[citation needed]


Significant people

See also

References

  1. ^ "Meclis-i Mebusan (Mebuslar Meclisi)". Tarihi Olaylar.
  2. ^ "Meclis-i Mebusan nedir? Ne zaman kurulmuştur?". Sabah. 19 January 2017.
  3. ^ A History of the Modern Middle East. Cleveland and Buntin p.78
  4. ^ "Constitutional Period in the Ottoman Empire." Constitutional Period in the Ottoman Empire. N.p., n.d. Web. http://www.istanbul.com/en/explore/info/constitutional-period-in-the-ottoman-empire Archived 20 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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