First Costa Rican Republic
Republic of Costa Rica República de Costa Rica | |||||||||
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1848–1948 | |||||||||
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Legislature | 1848 Constitution | August 31, 1848 | |||||||
12 March to 24 April 1948 | |||||||||
Currency | Costa Rican peso | ||||||||
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The First Costa Rican Republic is the name given to the
The First Costa Rican Republic marked the dominion of the liberal ideology and the hegemony of a very powerful liberal oligarchy that ruled the country for most of its history. The liberal hegemony was so prevalent that the period between 1870 and 1940 is known as the Liberal State. However, the exhaustion of the model and discontent from the working classes would result in a series of left-leaning social-reformist governments in the 1930s and 1940s and the consequent civil war.
History
The First Republic was founded by the last President of the
Despite its achievements in many areas including economy, secularization, freedoms and civil rights, the liberal hegemony gave little space for dissent.
But the real challenge to the Liberal model would come from the
Government
The Constitution of 1847 creates for the first time the office of President of the Republic (formerly President of the State) and a Vice President is created to replace him in his temporary or permanent absences, however the position of vice president would be abolished in 1859 and not it would be restored until the creation of the two vice-presidencies in 1949. In their place there were "appointed to the presidency" elected among the legislators. The Constitution of 1847 established a unicameral system with a single parliament called
It also established an Independent judiciary.Religion
The 1847 Constitution established the official status of the
The Costa Rican population at the time was very homogenous religiously and almost all of the population was Catholic.[9] Freemasonry was introduced in 1865 and soon became popular among the liberal elites, alongside the influential Theosophical Society.[9] A series of anti-clerical measures after the consolidation of the Liberal State after 1870 which included the expulsion of the Jesuits and prohibition of all monastic orders, expulsion of Bishop Bernard Thiel, secularization of education and cemeteries, closure of the Santo Tomás University and legalization of divorce and civil marriage caused tensions with the Catholic Church that almost causes a civil uprising during the 1889 Costa Rican general election. However, after a while both the Church and the liberal elite found themselves enjoying a certain stability with their respective camps of action thoroughly delimited.[9]
On June 1, 1902 the first official lodge of the
References
- ^ "Fundación de la república". Costa Rica web. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ "Fundación de la República". Archivo nacional. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ "¿Cómo se proclamó Costa Rica como República?". Museo de Costa Rica. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ a b "Costa Rica. El golpe de Tomás Guardia (1870) y la etapa liberal (1871- 1940)". EUMED. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ ISBN 9789977678672.
- ^ Salazar, Jorge Mario. "Estado liberal y luchas sociales en Costa Rica: 1870-1920". Revista de Ciencias Sociales. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- Asamblea Legislativa. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-12-31.
- ^ García Rojas, Georgina. "Historia del bicameralismo en Costa Rica" (PDF). Revista Parlamentaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-17.
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(help) - ^ a b c d e Duarte Cavaría, Henry. "El Artículo 75 de la Constitución Política a la Luz de los Convenios Internacionales y la Jurisprudencia de la Sala Constitucional" (PDF). Maestría en Derecho Constitucional.
- ^ "Sociedad Teosófica". Prolades. Archived from the original on 2019-09-08. Retrieved 2018-12-31.
- ^ González Chaves, Daniel (2017). "Migración e identidad cultural en Costa Rica (1840 a 1940)". Revista de Ciencias Sociales (155): 131–144.