First Moroccan Crisis
Tangier Crisis | |||||||
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Part of the causes of World War I | |||||||
Kaiser Wilhelm parades through Tangier. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Germany | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Théophile Delcassé |
Wilhelm II |
Events leading to World War I |
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The First Moroccan Crisis or the Tangier Crisis was an international crisis between March 31 1905 and April 7 1906 over the status of Morocco.[1] Germany wanted to challenge France's growing control over Morocco, aggravating France and Great Britain. The crisis was resolved by the Algeciras Conference of 1906, a conference of mostly European countries that affirmed French control; this worsened German relations with both France and Britain, and helped enhance the new Anglo-French Entente.
Kaiser's visit
On 31 March 1905
French reaction
Germany sought a multilateral conference where the French could be called to account before other European powers. The French foreign minister, Théophile Delcassé, took a defiant line, holding that there was no need for such a conference. In response, Count Bernhard von Bülow, the German Chancellor, threatened war over the issue, although this was a bluff.[4][5] Kaiser Wilhelm did not want war, stating in Bremen just before he set off: "My study of history hasn't encouraged me to strive for world domination. In the empire of which I dream, the German emperor will be trusted by other countries and must be seen as a honest and peaceful neighbour".[6] The crisis peaked in mid-June. The French cancelled all military leave (15 June) and Germany threatened to sign a defensive alliance with the Sultan (22 June). French Prime Minister Maurice Rouvier refused to risk war with Germany over the issue. Delcassé resigned, as the French government would no longer support his policy. On 1 July France agreed to attend the conference.
The crisis continued up to the eve of the conference at Algeciras, with Germany calling up reserve units (30 December) and France moving troops to the German border (3 January).
The Algeciras Conference
The Algeciras Conference was called to settle the dispute, lasting from 16 January to 7 April 1906. Of the 13 nations present, the German representatives found that their only supporter was Austria-Hungary. A German attempt at compromise was rejected by all but Austria-Hungary. France had firm support from Britain, Russia, Italy, Spain, and the United States. The Germans decided to accept a face-saving compromise agreement that was signed on 31 March 1906.
Consequence
Although the Algeciras Conference temporarily solved the First Moroccan Crisis, it only worsened the tensions between the
The First Moroccan Crisis also showed that the
See also
References
- S2CID 246012107.
- ^ Morocco". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 858. Meakin, James; Meakin, Kate (1911). "
- ^ Chris Trueman (31 March 2015). "The First Moroccan Crisis". The History Learning Site.
- ^ Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1925). Twenty-Five Years, Vol. 1. New York: Frederick A. Stokes. pp. 49–52.
- ISBN 0-224-03260-7.
- ^ Ereignisse und Gestalten. pp. 270–271.
- ISBN 9781409422464.
Further reading
- Esthus, Raymond A. Theodore Roosevelt and the International Rivalries (1970) pp 66–111.
- Gifford, Prosser, and Alison Smith, eds. Britain and Germany in Africa: imperial rivalry and colonial rule (1967) ch 7
- Massie, Robert K. Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the coming of the Great War (Random House, 1991) excerpt see Dreadnought (book), popular history; pp 351–372.
- Mayer, Martin: Geheime Diplomatie und öffentliche Meinung: Die Parlamente in Frankreich, Deutschland und Großbritannien und die erste Marokkokrise 1904–1906. Droste, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-7700-5242-0 (Beiträge zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien 133) [1]