First Romanesque

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan, Lombardy, brick architecture from the 6th to the 12th centuries
Bell tower of the abbey of Fruttuaria, 11th century, near Ivrea, Piedmont
Saint Clement of Taüll in Catalonia, Spain
.

One of the first streams of Romanesque architecture in Europe from the 10th century and the beginning of 11th century is called First Romanesque or Lombard Romanesque. It took place in the region of Lombardy (at that time the term encompassing the whole of Northern Italy) and spread into Catalonia and into the south of France. Its principal decoration for the exterior, bands of ornamental blind arches are called Lombard bands. It was characterized by thick walls and lack of sculpture in facades, and with interiors profusely painted with frescoes.

During the first quarter of the 11th century, much architectural activity by groups composed of

Oliva, monk and abbot of the monastery of Ripoll who, in 1032, ordered the extension of the body of this building with a façade with two towers, plus a transept which included seven apses, all decorated on the outside with the Lombardic ornamentation of blind arches
and vertical strips.

Catalan architect

in November 2000.

The geographical proximity of this Iberian region to the rest of Europe, resulted in depictions of the emerging Romanesque art being brought to Catalonia. While the art failed to take root in the rest of the Iberian Peninsula until the second third of the 11th century, there are numerous examples of its presence in Catalan counties before this time. Though this style may not be considered fully Romanesque, the area contained many of the defining characteristics of this artistic style.

To avoid the term Pre-Romanesque, which is often used with a much broader meaning than is generally suited to refer to early Medieval and early Christian art, and in Spain may also refer to the Visigothic, Asturias, Mozarabic and Repoblación art forms, Puig i Cadafalch preferred to use the term "First Romanesque" or "first Romanesque art" to designate those Catalan anticipations of the Romanesque itself.

List of First Romanesque buildings

Basilica dei Santi Pietro e Paolo in Agliate, Lombardy near Monza built in 875, considered to be the first church of Lombard Romanesque
San Michela Maggiore, Pavia

Italy

Lombardy
Emilia-Romagna

Spain

Catalonia
Huesca
Valladolid

France

See also

References

  1. Monastery of Santa Maria de Roses
    of 1022 is the oldest of the Lombard features in Catalonia.
  2. ^ a b Conant, Kenneth John (1959). Carolingian and Romanesque. Yale University Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Sources

External links