First-person (video games)
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First-person can be used as sole perspective in games belonging of almost any
Game mechanics
Games with a first-person perspective are usually avatar-based, wherein the game displays what the player's avatar would see with the avatar's own eyes. Thus, players typically in many games they cannot see the avatar's body, though they may be able to see the avatar's weapons or hands. This viewpoint is also frequently used to represent the perspective of a driver within a vehicle, as in flight and racing simulators; and it is common to make use of positional audio, where the volume of ambient sounds varies depending on their position with respect to the player's avatar.[3]
Games with a first-person perspective do not require sophisticated animations for the player's avatar, nor do they need to implement a manual or automated camera-control scheme as in third-person perspective.[3] A first-person perspective allows for easier aiming, since there is no representation of the avatar to block the player's view. However, the absence of an avatar can make it difficult to master the timing and distances required to jump between platforms, and may cause motion sickness in some players.[3][4][5]
Players have come to expect first-person games to accurately scale objects to appropriate sizes, although the key objects such as dropped items or levers may be exaggerated in order to improve their visibility.[3]
History
Origins
First-person perspectives are used in various different genres, including several distinct sub-genres of
Electro-mechanical
It is not clear exactly when the earliest FPS video game was created. There are two claimants,
The initial development of Maze War probably occurred in the summer of 1973. A single player traverses a maze of corridors rendered using fixed perspective. Multiplayer capabilities, with players attempting to shoot each other, were probably added later in 1973 (two machines linked via a serial connection) and in the summer of 1974 (fully networked).
Futurewar (1976) by high-school student Erik K. Witz and Nick Boland, also based on PLATO, is sometimes claimed to be the first true FPS.
1979 saw the release of two first-person space combat games: the Exidy arcade game Star Fire and Doug Neubauer's seminal Star Raiders for the Atari 8-bit family. The popularity of Star Raiders resulted in similarly styled games from other developers and for other systems, including Starmaster for the Atari 2600, Space Spartans for Intellivision, and Shadow Hawk One for the Apple II. It went on to influence two major first-person games of the 1990s: Wing Commander and X-Wing.[13]
1980s
Other shooters with a first-person view from the early 1980s include Taito's
Flight simulators were a first-person staple for home computers beginning in 1979 with
Amidst a flurry of faux-3D first-person maze games where the player is locked into one of four orientations, like
The arrival of the
In 1987, Taito's Operation Wolf arcade game started the trend of realistic military-themed action shooters, and featured side-scrolling environments and high-quality graphics for the time. It was followed the subsequent year by a sequel, titled Operation Thunderbolt, that introduced a pseudo-3D perspective and the illusion of depth. The success and popularity of these two games led to Sega releasing Line of Fire in 1989, another military combat arcade machine that achieved a further level of realism by implementing a rotating point of view, thus creating the effect of turning corners left and right, in addition to just walking forward.
In 1988, Golgo 13: Top Secret Episode featured first-person shooter levels and included a sniper rifle for assassinating an enemy agent at long range using an unsteady sniper scope.[22] The same year saw the release of Arsys Software's Star Cruiser.
In the late 1980s, interest in 3D first-person driving simulations resulted in games like
1990s
In 1990,
Taito's
In 1992,
The 1995 game Descent used a fully 3D polygonal graphics engine to render opponents, departing from the sprites used by most previous games in the FPS genre. It also escaped the "pure vertical walls" graphical restrictions of earlier games in the genre, and allowed the player six degrees of freedom of movement (up/down, left/right, forward/backward, pitch, roll, and yaw).
See also
References
- .
- ^ Ann, Tory (October 10, 2021). "Sniper 3d world's famous first person shooting game".
- ^ a b c d Rollings, Andrew; Ernest Adams (2006). Fundamentals of Game Design. Prentice Hall.
- ^ Miller, Ross (17 July 2008). "How Mirror's Edge fights simulation sickness". Engadget. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
- ^ Ashcraft, Brian (16 July 2008). "Mirror's Edge Motion Sickness". Kotaku. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
- ISBN 9781136290503.
- ^ "Did You Know... Game & Pop Culture Fun Facts & Trivia". Live Magazine. Gametraders. April–May 2017. pp. 26–7.
- ISBN 978-1-4302-3352-7.
- ^ Torchinsky, Jason. "Meet The Doctor-Engineer Who Basically Invented The Modern Racing Game". Jalopnik. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
- ^ a b en, en. "Stories from the Maze War 30 Year Retrospective: Steve Colley's Story of the original Maze". DigiBarn Computer Museum. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
It may be that the networked version didn't happen until '74 because I [developer Steve Colley] can't remember exactly when the network was put on the Imlacs.
- ^ Garmon, Jay, Geek Trivia: First shots fired, TechRepublic, May 24, 2005. Retrieved Feb 16, 2009
- ISBN 978-1-101-87156-0.
- ^ Dutton, Fred (October 23, 2010). "Atari revives Star Raiders". Eurogamer.
- Killer List of Videogames
- Killer List of Videogames
- ^ "Nasir Gebelli and the early days of Sirius Software". The Golden Age Arcade Historian. August 28, 2015.
- Killer List of Videogames
- ^ "Hellcat Ace". Atari Mania.
- ^ "Spitfire Ace". Atari Mania.
- ^ Duberman, David (February 1983). "Product Reviews". Antic. 1 (6).
- ^ "Capture the Flag". Atari Mania.
- 1UP
- Killer List of Videogames
- AllGame. Archived from the originalon 2014-01-01.
- AllGame. Archived from the originalon 2014-01-01.
- ^ Virtual Reality 1991, retrieved 2023-10-02
- Killer List of Videogames
- ^ a b "The Greatest Games of All Time: Doom". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
- ^ Davar, Jenny (March 28, 2008). "Importance of FPS In Video Games". Retrieved March 29, 2008.