Fitz
Fitz (pronounced "fits") was a
Origin
In Anglo-Norman England, the
In certain cases, it is the title of the father that would form part of a fitz patronymic form. This is seen, for example, with Otuer fitz Count, illegitimate son of
As family identity strengthened, these personal patronymics evolved into patronymic surnames, locking into a particular form passed unchanged to successive family members independent of the given names in each generation, such as with the FitzAlan family, who used that surname from the mid-12th century, though more frequently the generational patronymic forms were abandoned in favor of a toponymic. In some cases the Fitz surnames have preserved pet forms of the paternal name, such as FitzGibbon or FitzHarris (representing pet forms of Gilbert and Henry, respectively). There are also examples of the Fitz surname element appearing alone, either as a shortening of an original full patronymic surname, or originally distinguishing a son from his father of the same name (Roger fitz, Roger 'the son'), then used by descendants as a hereditary surname.[2][3]
In some circumstances, it was instead the mother who was memorialized in a fitz name form, making it a matronymic. This is seen with the name of a noteworthy mother, as with William fitz Empress, Robert fitz Wimarc, and Robert fitz Pernell, a byname of Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester, or to distinguish like-named brothers with different mothers, such as Robert fitz Edith, born to Henry I's mistress Edith and distinct from another of the king's bastards born to a different mother, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester.
Irish usage
Use in Ireland had two independent origins. The Irish surname
Revival
From the
In the arts
In the arts, the prefix Fitz has been used to connote nobility. Walter Scott's Ivanhoe includes a Lord Waldemar Fitzurse, a noble advisor of prince John. Ben Jonson's play The Devil Is an Ass includes the eccentric and foolish Norfolk squire named Fabian Fitzdottrell, a name evoking the dotterel, viewed by Jacobeans as a foolish bird, while Anthony Trollope's 1862 novel Orley Farm features the fictional rakishly aristocratic figure Lord John Fitzjoly. In Jane Austen's famous novel Pride and Prejudice, a major character is named Fitzwilliam Darcy. More recently, Robin Hobb has written a series of fictional fantasy novels featuring a royal bastard, the assassin FitzChivalry 'Fitz' Farseer.
Examples
Historic persons
Medieval
- Turstin FitzRolf (fl. 1066)
- William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (1020–1071), a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror
- Pain fitzJohn before 1100 – 10 July 1137
- High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forestsfrom 1169 to 1177
- Fulk I FitzWarin (died 1170/1), son of Warin of Metz, and progeny of same name (see Baron FitzWarin) surviving until Fulk XI FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin (1405–1420)
- Henry II of England (died 1189), son of Empress Matilda, known as Henry FitzEmpress
- Reginald Fitzurse (1145–1173)
- Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester (died 1204, alias Robert FitzPernel)
- Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter (1247–1326)
- Ivo FitzWaryn (1347–1414) whose daughter, Alice, married Richard Whittington[i]
- William FitzStephen, remarked on the Tower of London[6]
Prominent families
(Names are variously spelled with or without a space and capital letter after "Fitz-")
- FitzAlan (see Duke of Norfolk, Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent)
- King William IV)
- Fitzduncan
- FitzGeorge
- )
- Fitzgibbon
- Fitzgilbert
- Fitzharris
- Fitzhenry
- FitzHerbert (see Baron Stafford, FitzHerbert baronets)
- Fitzhugh
- FitzJames
- FitzJohn
- Fitzmaurice (see Marquess of Lansdowne)
- Fitzmorris
- Fitzpatrick
- Fitzrichard
- Fitzroy (see Duke of Grafton, Viscount Daventry)
- Fitzsimon
- Fitzsimons
- Fitzstephen
- FitzThomas
- Fitzwarren
- Fitzwater
- Fitzwilliam (see Earl Fitzwilliam)
Other uses
Fitz is also a stand-alone German surname originating in the Palatinate region of Germany.
Footnotes
- ^ In the legend Dick Whittington and His Cat, he is known as Fitzwarren and brings up Whittington.
References
- ^ "Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1". Les roys de Engeltere. 1280–1300. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
Five rectangles of red linen, formerly used as curtains for the miniatures. ff. 3–6: Eight miniatures of the kings of England from Edward the Confessor (r. 1042–1066) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307); each one except the last is accompanied by a short account of their reign in Anglo-Norman prose. 'Sir Lowys fiz le Roy Phylippe de Fraunce' 'en engletere: le Roy Jon regna.'
[permanent dead link] - ^ Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, Oxford, 2016, vol. 1, pp. ix-xiv.
- ^ Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, Oxford, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 927-929.
- ^ McKinley, Richard, A History of British Surnames, Longman, 1990, p. 126
- ^ "Wigram, Robert II (1773–1843), of Belmont Lodge, Malvern Wells, Worcs.", The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790–1820, ed. R. Thorne, 1986
- ^ Stalley, R. A. 1999. Early medieval architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help