Fitzhugh Lee

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For other uses, see Fitzhugh Lee (disambiguation).

Fitzhugh Lee
John E. Massey
Preceded byWilliam E. Cameron
Succeeded byPhilip W. McKinney
Personal details
Born(1835-11-19)November 19, 1835
Major General (USA)
Major General (CSA)
Battles/warsAmerican Civil War
Spanish–American War

Fitzhugh Lee (November 19, 1835 – April 28, 1905) was a Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War, the 40th Governor of Virginia, diplomat, and United States Army general in the Spanish–American War. He was the son of Sydney Smith Lee, a captain in the Confederate States Navy, and the nephew of Robert E. Lee.

Early life

Fitzhugh Lee was born at

James Murray Mason.[4]

Graduating from the

5th Cavalry Regiment), which was commanded by Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and in which his uncle, Robert E. Lee, was lieutenant colonel. As a cavalry subaltern, he distinguished himself by his gallant conduct in actions against the Comanches in Texas and was severely wounded in a fight in Nescutunga, Texas, in May 1859.[5]
In May 1860, he was appointed instructor of cavalry tactics at the United States Military Academy but resigned his commission upon the declared secession of Virginia.[4]

American Civil War

Fitzhugh Lee joined the

John Pope
. Fitzhugh Lee gave Pope's coat to Stuart as compensation for the hat he had lost.

Fitzhugh Lee performed well in the

Chambersburg Raid before returning in time to screen Robert E. Lee's movement towards Fredericksburg, where the cavalry defended the extreme right of the Confederate line. Fitzhugh Lee conducted the cavalry action of Kelly's Ford (March 17, 1863) with skill and success, where his 400 troopers captured 150 men and horses with a loss of only 14 men. In the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Lee's reconnaissance found that the U.S. Army's right flank was "in the air", which allowed the successful flanking attack by Maj. Gen. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson
, a movement led by Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry.

General Fitzhugh Lee during the American Civil War

After Chancellorsville, Lee was incapacitated by inflammatory rheumatism, missing a month of action, which included the significant cavalry operations at the

East Cavalry Field. Stuart's report singled out no officer in his command for praise except Fitz Lee, who he said was "one of the finest cavalry leaders on the continent, and richly [entitled] to promotion."[6] During the withdrawal from Gettysburg, Lee's brigade held the fords at Shepherdstown to prevent the U.S. Army from following across the Potomac River. Lee was promoted to major general on August 3, 1863,[2] and continued to serve under Maj. Gen. Stuart's command, despite Stuart not receiving a promotion following his questionable conduct in the Gettysburg Campaign. While his uncle maneuvered the Army of Northern Virginia back into central Virginia, Lee's division launched a successful ambush on U.S. Army cavalry at the Battle of Buckland Mills
that fall.

In the

Prince George County.[8] After Stuart's death, Lee served under Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton
. Hampton, who had been Lee's peer for much of the war, was promoted to replace Stuart due to his seniority and more significant experience; some observers at the time had cynically expected Robert E. Lee's nephew to receive the command.

At the

Jubal A. Early
's move from Richmond to aid Lynchburg, which Hunter was set to besiege. Hampton's cavalry corps shadowed Sheridan's return to Petersburg.

Fitzhugh Lee subsequently joined Early for his campaign against Maj. Gen.

Third Winchester (September 19, 1864) three horses were shot under him, and he was severely wounded.[5] When General Hampton was sent to assist General Joseph E. Johnston in North Carolina, the command of the whole of Robert E. Lee's cavalry devolved upon Fitzhugh Lee on March 29, 1865, but the surrender at Appomattox followed quickly upon the opening of the campaign. Fitzhugh Lee himself led the last charge of the Confederates on April 9 that year at Farmville, Virginia.[5]

Later life

Former Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee in 1898

After the war, Fitzhugh Lee devoted himself to farming in Stafford County, Virginia, and was conspicuous in his efforts to reconcile the Southern people to the issue of the war, which he regarded as a final settlement of the questions at issue.[citation needed] In 1875, he attended the Battle of Bunker Hill centennial at Boston and delivered an address. In 1885, he was a member of the board of visitors of West Point, and from 1886 to 1890 was governor of Virginia having defeated in 1885 Republican John Sergeant Wise with 52.77% of the vote.[5]

Fitzhugh Lee commanded the third division at President Grover Cleveland's inaugural parades in 1885 and 1893.[9] In April 1896, Lee was appointed consul-general at Havana by President Cleveland, with duties of a diplomatic and military character added to the usual consular business. In this post (in which he was retained by President William McKinley until 1898), he was the first called upon to deal with a situation of great difficulty, which culminated with the destruction of the warship USS Maine. Upon the declaration of war between Spain and the United States, he re-entered the army.

He was one of four ex-Confederate general officers who were made major generals of United States Volunteers (the others being Matthew Butler, Joseph Wheeler, and Thomas L. Rosser). Fitzhugh Lee commanded the 7th Army Corps but took no part in the actual operations in Cuba. He was military governor of Havana and Pinar del Río in 1899, subsequently commanded the Department of the Missouri, and retired in 1901 as a brigadier general, U.S. Army.[5]

Grave of Fitzhugh Lee at Hollywood Cemetery

Lee was an early leader of the committee for the Jamestown Exposition, which would be held after his death at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads in 1907. Lee died in Washington, D.C., and is buried in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia.

Fitzhugh Lee wrote the article about Robert E. Lee in the Great Commanders series (1894), General Lee, a wartime biography (1894), and Cuba's Struggle Against Spain (1899).

Legacy

He was indicted for treason but the indictment was withdrawn in February 1869. Lee then received a pardon.[10] The Seventh Army Corps Association and Auxiliary dedicated a monument to Lee's service to the 7th Army Corps from 1898 to 1899, placing it in Monroe Park, Richmond, Virginia; the City of Richmond removed the monument on July 9, 2020, by the city, in recognition of Lee's participation in the Confederacy.[11]

See also

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Fitzhugh Lee

References

  1. ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 360.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1
    .
  3. OCLC 166632575
    .
  4. ^ a b "Fitzhugh Lee (1835–1905)". Encyclopedia Virginia. March 9, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911, p. 361.
  6. ISBN 1-882810-30-9
    .
  7. ^ Fort Pocahontas (2) at FortWiki.com
  8. ISBN 0-02-926880-X
    .
  9. ^ "Gen. Lee to Command: He Will Head a Division in the Inaugural Parade". The New York Times. February 19, 1893. Retrieved: July 8, 2008
  10. ^ Longacre, Edward (December 22, 2021). "Fitzhugh Lee (1835–1905)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
  11. ^ "VCU committee recommends removal of Confederacy-affiliated chapel, building names, memorabilia". The Commonwealth Times. July 16, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
Attribution

Further reading

External links

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Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Governor of Virginia
1885 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Virginia
1886–1890 		Succeeded by
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