Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Fitzwilliam College | |
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University of Cambridge | |
Scarf colours: maroon, with two equally-spaced narrow grey stripes | |
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Fitzwilliam College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.[4]
The college traces its origins back to 1869 and the foundation of the Non-Collegiate Students Board, a venture intended to offer academically excellent students of all backgrounds a chance to study at the university. The institution was originally based at Fitzwilliam Hall (later renamed Fitzwilliam House), opposite the Fitzwilliam Museum in south-west Cambridge. Having moved to its present site in the north of the city, Fitzwilliam attained collegiate status in 1966. Female undergraduates were first admitted in 1978, around the time most colleges were first admitting women.
Fitzwilliam is now home to around 500 undergraduates, 400 graduate students and 90 fellows.[5] By overall student numbers, it was the seventh-largest college in Cambridge as of 2018/19.
Notable
History
Foundation
In 1869, Cambridge University altered its statutes to allow men who were not members of a college to become members of the university under the supervision of a censor, whose office was in Trumpington Street, opposite the Fitzwilliam Museum, founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816). This provided students who could not afford to belong to a college with a base from which to study at the university, allowing them to be admitted to degrees, sit examinations and compete for scholarships.[6] The name "Fitzwilliam" was chosen by the students at a meeting of the Non-Collegiate Amalgamation Club in 1887 and, as a result, the university decreed that the house in Trumpington Street could be known as Fitzwilliam Hall. The coat of arms of the new establishment appropriated the arms of the Fitzwilliam family (lozengy argent and gules), to which it had no connection, and added as a chief the arms of Cambridge University. Fitzwilliam Hall became the headquarters of the Non-Collegiate Students Board and provided student facilities and limited accommodation. It was renamed Fitzwilliam House in 1922.
Due to its emphasis on academic ability rather than wealth, Fitzwilliam quickly attracted a strong academic contingent that included future Nobel Prize winners, Heads of State and important judicial figures. It developed a tradition in Medicine and established a reputation as one of the most internationally diverse institutions within the university.[7]
In the second half of the 20th century, the availability of grants made Cambridge more accessible and the need for a non-collegiate body of undergraduates began to decline. The suggestion that Fitzwilliam close prompted an outcry from former students and it was therefore decided that it should aim for collegiate status. Funds were accumulated and a new site was acquired at Castle Hill, about one mile north of the city centre. The first new buildings were opened in 1963.
In 1966, Fitzwilliam House was granted a
Expansion
Since Fitzwilliam began operating at its current site in the north-west of Cambridge, it has grown steadily and developed into one of the university's larger, more cosmopolitan colleges. Built around a regency manor house, the college has grown by one or two buildings each decade and now consists of five interconnected courts, enclosing large, rectangular gardens.[8] In contrast to most of the university, and indeed the regency estate at the college's centre, the majority of the buildings are of modern design.[9]
The first two courts and the central building (comprising, among other things, the rooms formerly belonging to the old library, the dining hall, the junior common room and the bar) were designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and completed in 1963. The intention was for these buildings to constitute the back of the college and, as funding became available, the college grew to the south, with New Court (1985), the Chapel (1991) and Wilson Court (1994). Finally, the plan was completed when Gatehouse Court (2003) became the college's new front. In the following year, the college completed the new Auditorium building, and in doing so became home to some of the best performance facilities in the university.[10]
In 2007 the college built a new boathouse on the River Cam, in 2009 the Library and IT Centre was added and, in 2010, the college acquired the buildings and grounds that formerly belonged to the Cambridge Lodge Hotel with the intention of renovating them for the use of graduate students.
Fitzwilliam has, over the years, also become known for its beautiful gardens, which largely predate the college.[11] In 2008, an archaeological dig discovered on the college site the earliest clear evidence of settlement in Cambridge, the remains of a 3,500-year-old farmstead.[12]
Fitzwilliam was the third Cambridge college and is, as of today, one of only seven to have won University Challenge. It did so in 1973 with a team that consisted of Philip Bassett (Botany), David Curry (Material Sciences), David Wurtzel (Law) and Michael Halls (English).[13] The same team featured in the 2002 Reunited Series and won its only game, which was against a team from neighbouring college Churchill, winner of the 1970 series.[14]
Buildings and grounds
The main grounds of the college are located off
Fitzwilliam consists of a variety of modern buildings, built in the grounds of a regency estate.
The Grove (1813)
The college's centrepiece is the Grove, a
Another slightly smaller building known as Grove Lodge was also designed by Custance and is now part of
The Hall Building (1963)
The Hall Building is a large complex towards the back of the college. It was built between 1960 and 1963 and was designed by Sir Denys Lasdun,
Fellows' Court (1963)
Like the Hall Building, Fellows' Court was part of the initial construction, designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and completed in 1963 at a cost of approximately £300,000.[22] It occupies an area in the far corner of the college and is enclosed by the Hall Building, the Law Library and two dormitories. It is generally reserved for fellows, and, as well as residence, housed the Fellows' Parlour.
Tree Court (1963)
Tree Court, the last component of the initial 1963 construction, is located at the north end of the college, opposite Fellows' Court. The court was initially the college's main entrance and, with a car park and a cycling bay just outside, it remains a back door to the college. Tree Court was Lasdun's first student accommodation; he would go on to design similar buildings at the University of East Anglia and Christ's College, Cambridge.[23] Although the court opens out onto the college gardens, the wall opposite the Hall Building was recently lengthened with the addition of the college's new Library and IT Centre. Today, Tree Court provides residence for the majority of first-year students.
New Court (1985)
In the mid-eighties, the college expanded to the south with the construction of New Court, a three-walled residential compound, designed by
In 2004, the court gained its fourth wall with the completion of the college's new auditorium.
The Chapel (1991)
In 1991, a college chapel was appended to the north wing of New Court. The building, which was also designed by
Wilson Court (1994)
The fourth court was added to the south of the college, next to the boundary with Murray Edwards, in 1994. It was designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects and includes 48 acoustically independent[clarification needed] student bedrooms, three seminar rooms, a large common room with a bar and the Gordon Cameron Lecture Theatre, which is also used as the college cinema.[30] It won the 1996 RIBA Award.[31]
Gatehouse Court (2003)
The completion of Gatehouse Court in 2003 saw the realisation of Sir Denys Lasdun's original vision. The design, courtesy of Allies & Morrison, reorientated the college by giving it a new entrance, complete with Porter's Lodge, administrative offices, meeting rooms, parking facilities, a large-scale engraving of the college crest and a flagpole. It also provided an extra 42 en suite bedrooms for student accommodation.[32] The college now faces south and opens onto Storey's Way, a smaller, primarily residential, street branching off Madingley Road; in 2021 it was reported to be the most expensive street in East Anglia.[33]
This development expanded the college's main site dramatically and the quality of the design was recognised with the award of the 2005 RIBA Award[34] and the 2005 BDA Award for Building of the Year.[35]
Auditorium (2004)
The Auditorium building was completed in 2004. Having overseen the construction of Gatehouse Court,
Located near the front of the college, the building faces New Court and backs onto the college gardens. Consisting of a large central performance area, three smaller practice rooms and an entrance hall, the auditorium is the official home of the Fitzwilliam Quartet.[37]
The main hall, which has been praised for its acoustics,[
In recent years, guest speakers have included the American politician
The Olisa Library (2009)
A new library and IT centre was completed in 2009. As of January 2010, its book collection contains around 60,000 volumes
The building, opened in April 2010 by the Duke of Edinburgh, is also fitted with extensive computing facilities and includes separate underground computer rooms for undergraduates and postgraduates. In 2011, alumnus Ken Olisa donated £1.4m to the development of the Library and IT Centre.[41] In tribute to this generosity, the building was named the Olisa Library. Unlike most college libraries, it is open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.
Because Fitzwilliam is at the top of one of the few hills in Cambridge, the Olisa Library's tower is one of the highest points in the city, sometimes said to be the highest.[42]
Heritage
Name
The name of the college refers ultimately to the
Coat of arms
Along with the name, the college's
Motto
The college motto is: Ex antiquis et novissimis optima (the best of the old and the new).[44] The motto has since been adopted by the nearby village of Hardwick and is very similar to that of St Catherine's College, Oxford, which was established with aims very similar to those with which Fitzwilliam was.
Colours
The earliest records of the college's sporting clubs describe the colours as 'grey and ruby'. By Easter 1892, the colours were more closely defined as 'cardinal and French grey'.
Mascot
Students from Fitzwilliam are sometimes informally referred to as Fitzbillys or Billygoats. As a consequence, the goat has become a popular college mascot and the image of a goat can be found on the front of the boat house, on the boat club flag, and in various places around the college.
Academic reputation
Between 1997 and 2006, Fitzwilliam achieved an average of 17th place, near the bottom of the second third, in the Tompkins Table which lists the university's 29 undergraduate colleges in order of their students' examination performances. In the last decade, between 2007 and 2016, Fitzwilliam averaged 21st place, near the top of the bottom third.
The college places an increasing emphasis on
Fitzwilliam is also home to a noted Criminology department, headed by Emeritus Professor Sir Anthony Bottoms and the former College Master Professor Nicola Padfield, and is one of the two colleges (the other being Wolfson) that takes in postgraduate students, in association with the Institute of Criminology, as part of the Police Executive Programme.[50] As a consequence, many prominent figures in Britain's police force are associated with Fitzwilliam.
Wealth
With, as of 2019, fixed assets worth slightly more than £144m and an endowment of just under £60m, Fitzwilliam is broadly average in terms of college wealth. It is the wealthiest college to have been established (as a college) in the second half of the twentieth century.[citation needed]
Student life
Former pupils of
Fitzwilliam has no distinct political leaning and has, in recent years, produced prominent members of all three major national parties.
Sport
Fitzwilliam enjoys a very strong sporting reputation and is traditionally strong in football, rugby union and table tennis. Champions, having won the last five years in a row.
On site, the college has a multi-gym in the Hall Building, a badminton court in the Auditorium Building and three
The college's main sports grounds are located on Oxford Road,[53] just a few minutes' walk from the college's Huntingdon Road entrance. The land was donated to Fitzwilliam Hall in honour of the students who died in the First World War. The grounds include tennis courts, a netball court, a cricket pitch, a rugby pitch, and both full-size and five-a-side football pitches. It is the only sports ground in the university with an on-site club house, complete with a bar. It's regularly used by varsity teams and is also made available to students of Murray Edwards College.[54]
In 2007, the college completed its new boat house, home to Fitzwilliam College Boat Club.
Music
In recent years, Fitzwilliam has developed a strong musical tradition. Former students include composer and Master of the King's Music
In 2010 Fitzwilliam had more active music groups than any other college.
To encourage musical activity, the college hosts the annual Alkan Piano Competition, named after the nineteenth-century virtuoso
Fitzwilliam new Auditorium performance venue hosts the Fitzwilliam Chamber Series,[62] a collection of concerts by professional musicians. Performers at the college have included the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber,[63] the DJ Annie Mac[64] and the English Touring Opera.[65]
It was at Fitzwilliam that Indie band Good Shoes played their first ever gig.[citation needed]
The Fitzwilliam Quartet
Fitzwilliam is the only college in Cambridge with a resident professional string quartet. The Fitzwilliam Quartet was established by Cambridge undergraduates, two of them Fitzwilliam students, in 1968. They made their first professional appearance a year later at the Sheffield Arts Festival and, following graduation in 1971, became the Resident Quartet at the University of York.
Just a year into their residence, they became personally acquainted with the Russian composer
The group proceeded to record acclaimed interpretations of many other composers, notably
In 2005, a number of their recordings were included in Gramophone magazine's list of the "Hundred Greatest-ever Recordings". They have a long-term contract with Decca Records and perform regularly all over the world.[66] Although membership has changed over the years, the group returned to Fitzwilliam in 1999 when they were appointed the college's Resident Quartet.[66] They visit for performances and workshops each term and even premier pieces written by students. In 2008, they celebrated their 40th anniversary.
The University Orchestra
The University of Cambridge Philharmonic Orchestra (UCPO) was founded as an offshoot of Fitzwilliam College Music Society. In its early days, the orchestra was supported by grants from the college and rehearsing took place on site. It was initially called the West Cambridge Symphony Orchestra, because the majority of its members were from West Cambridge colleges – predominantly Fitzwilliam, Churchill and New Hall. Although the orchestra later changed its name, a smaller affiliated group, known as the West Cambridge Sinfonia, maintains the reference.
In 2010 the orchestra was rehearsing primarily at St Giles' Church. It toured and recorded on a regular basis and performs University concerts once a term. At Fitzwilliam, the role originally played by WCSO has since been taken over by the Orchestra on the Hill.[67]
Notable alumni
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Nobel Prize in Medicine(1932)
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Nobel Prize in Medicine(1937)
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Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian revolutionary leader
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prime minister of Singapore(1959–90)
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Nobel Prize for Economics(2001)
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Business Secretary(2010–15)
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Nobel Prize for Economics(2015)
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Health Secretary (2009–10) and Culture Secretary(2008–09)
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Cressida Dick, first female Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police (2017–22)
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Director General of the European Union Military Staff (2007–10) and Black Rod(2011–18)
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Norman Lamont, politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1990–92)
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Juan Carlos I of Spain(1975–2014)
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David Starkey, constitutional historian and radio and television presenter
Notable academics
Fellows
Name | Birth | Death | Career |
---|---|---|---|
Reginald C. Fuller | 1908 | 2011 | Theologian, co-editor of the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition |
Sir Ernst Boris Chain
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1909 | 1979 | Biochemist, winner of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine, for discovering the structure of penicillin
|
Stanley Alexander de Smith | 1922 | 1974 | Legal scholar and author, pioneer in administrative law, Constitutional Commissioner of Mauritius |
Sam Toy | 1923 | 2008 | Industrialist, Chairman of Ford of Britain |
John M Hull
|
1935 | 2015 | Practical theologian, known for work on blindness and disability |
Sir Anthony Bottoms | 1939 | Criminologist, author | |
Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones | 1942 | Historian, expert on American foreign policy
| |
David Pearl | 1944 | Lawyer, President of the Immigration Appeal Tribunal
| |
Bryan S. Turner
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1944 | Sociologist, Director of the Centre for the Study of Contemporary Muslim Societies | |
Sir Angus Deaton | 1945 | Microeconomist, recipient of the inaugural Frisch Medal and, in 2015, of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences | |
Clive Wilmer | 1945 | Poet, art critic, founding editor of Numbers, Director of the Guild of St George (2004–present) | |
Henry McLeish | 1945 | Politician, second First Minister of Scotland (2000–2001) | |
Rosemary Horrox | 1951 | Medieval historian, College Life Fellow, former Director of Studies in History | |
Paul Muldoon | 1951 | Poet, winner of the 1994 Poetry Society (2007–present) and Poetry Editor at The New Yorker
| |
Martin Millett | 1955 | Archaeologist, Director of the Society of Antiquaries of London | |
Jonathan Partington | 1955 | Mathematician, writer of some of the earliest text-based computer games
| |
John Mullan | 1957 | Literary critic and Booker Prize judge |
Masters
The current Master of the college is Sally Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Huyton. She is a Labour peer, working for eight years at 10 Downing Street and was Minister for Women and Equalities.
She served on the Olympic Delivery Authority board for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games and is a former chair of Ofsted and vice-chair at King's College London.
After her first degree at Durham University, where she graduated in 1980 with a BA in geography, she went to King's College London to study for a Postgraduate Certificate in Education and worked as a secondary school teacher from 1981 to 1985. She later received an MA in education from the Institute of Education.
From 1985, she worked for the Labour Party in opposition and then government under Neil Kinnock, John Smith and Tony Blair.
She has always been very involved in education, and since 2005 has been chair or advisor to charities serving disadvantaged young people including ARK, Ambition Institute and Frontline. She is currently a trustee of the Education Policy Institute and is also chair of the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust.[68]
See also
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