Five Days of Milan

Coordinates: 45°28′01″N 09°11′24″E / 45.46694°N 9.19000°E / 45.46694; 9.19000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the 1848 insurrection. For the film about it, see The Five Days.

Five Days of Milan
Part of the
Lombardy–Venetia
(present-day Italy)
45°28′01″N 09°11′24″E / 45.46694°N 9.19000°E / 45.46694; 9.19000
Result

Milanese revolt victorious[1]

  • Radetzky retreats from Milan[2]
Belligerents Milanese insurgents AustriaCommanders and leaders Carlo Cattaneo
Gabrio Casati
Luciano Manara
[2][3][4][5] Joseph Radetzky
Ludwig von Wohlgemuth
[6][7][8][9]Strength 1,700 barricades[10]
armed with 600–650 firearms along with stones, bottles, clubs, pikes and swords [10][11] 12,000 garrison[7][12]Casualties and losses 409–424 killed[3][6]
including 43 women and children
600+ wounded[6] 181 killed[13]
including 5 officers
235 wounded[6]
including 4 officers
150–180 captured[13]
Provisional Government of Milan
Governo provvisorio di Milano (in Italian)
1848–1848
Capital
Italy
24 June 1859
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
Kingdom of Sardinia

The Five Days of Milan (

insurrection and a major event in the Revolutionary Year of 1848 that started the First Italian War of Independence. On 18 March, a rebellion arose in the city of Milan which in five days of street fighting drove Marshal Radetzky and his Austrian
soldiers from the city.

Background

In 1848, the Milanese launched an

Metternich, the Milanese took to the streets again, on 18 March.[10]

Events

Statuary at the base of the Obelisk monument to Five Days of Milan in memory of the popular uprising in 1848 against Austrian rule, by Giuseppe Grandi.
A milanese barricade during the 'five days'

Almost simultaneously with the popular uprisings of 1848 in the

Risorgimento, was able to influence Charles Albert of Sardinia
.

The Austrian garrison at Milan was well equipped and commanded by an experienced general, Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, who despite being over 80 years old, was energetic and rigid. Radetzky had no intention of yielding to the uprising.

However, the whole city fought throughout the streets, raising barricades, firing from windows and roofs, and urging the rural population to join them. The populace was backed by the archbishop and at least 100 priests joined in the fighting against the Austrians. A bust of

Carlo Cattaneo. The Martinitt
(orphanage children) worked as message runners to all parts of the town.

Radetzky saw the difficulty of resisting under siege in the city centre, but while afraid of being attacked by the Piedmontese army and peasants from the countryside, he preferred to withdraw after losing control of the Porta Tosa (now Porta Vittoria) to the rebels. On the evening of 22 March, the Austrians withdrew towards the "Quadrilatero" (the fortified zone bounded by the four cities of Verona, Legnago, Mantua and Peschiera del Garda), 120 km eastwards, taking with them several hostages arrested at the start of the uprising. Meanwhile, the rest of Lombard and Venetic territory was free.

In memory of these days, the official newspaper of the temporary government was called simply Il 22 marzo (22 March), which began publication on 26 March at the Palazzo Marino under the direction of Carlo Tenca.[17] A monument to the uprising by the sculptor Giuseppe Grandi was built at what is now Porta Vittoria.

Almost a century later, in 1943, the uprising of Naples against WWII Nazi occupation was named The Four Days of Naples, in conscious emulation of the earlier Milan event.

See also

References

  1. ^ Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2000). Europe reshaped, 1848–1878. Oxford.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ a b Stillman, William James (1898). The union of Italy, 1815–1895. Cambridge.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^
    ISBN 9780521220774.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  4. ^ Maurice, Charles Edmund (1887). The revolutionary movement of 1848–9 in Italy, Austria Hungary, and Germany. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ American Bibliographical Center (1991). Historical abstracts: Volume 42, Issues 3–4. Santa Barbara.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ a b c d Rüstow, Wilhelm (1862). Der italienische Krieg von 1848 und 1849. Zürich.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ a b Whyte, Arthur James Beresford (1975). The political life and letters of Cavour, 1848–1861. Santa Barbara.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ Svoboda, Johann (1870). Die Zöglinge der Wiener-Neustädter Militär-Akademie. Wien.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ de Marguerittes, Julie (1859). Italy and the War of 1859. Philadelphia.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ a b c d Chapman, Tim (2008). The risorgimento: Italy 1815–71. Penrith.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ Stearns, Peter N. (1974). 1848: the revolutionary tide in Europe. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Whittam, John (1977). Politics of the Italian Army, 1861–1918. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ a b Wilhelm Meyer-Ott, Wilhelm Rüstow (1850). Die Kriegerischen Ereignisse in Italien in den Jahren 1848 und 1849. Zürich.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ Gooch, John (1986). The unification of Italy. London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ a b Berkeley, George F.-H. (1940). Italy in the Making January 1st 1848 to November 16th 1848. Cambridge.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ M. Clark, The Italian Risorgimento, Routledge 2013 p. 53.
  17. ISBN 9788849299229
    .

Bibliography

In Italian

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Five Days of Milan.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Days_of_Milan&oldid=1210005776"