Flag of Algeria
Proportion | 2:3 |
---|---|
Adopted | 3 July 1962 |
Design | A vertical bicolor of green and white, with the red crescent encircling the red five-pointed star centered along the dividing line. |
Use | Presidential standard |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Use | Naval ensign |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Adopted | 27 June 1963 (amended in 1995) |
Design | As above, with white crossed fouled anchors in the canton. |
Design | The national flag in the canton on a light blue field. |
The national flag of Algeria (
Description
Algerian ships fly it as their ensign, except for ships of the
According to algeria-un.org, cited in 1999, the features of the flag are set down precisely, being described as:
The green must be a composition of equal yellow and blue having, according to the diagram of contrasts of Rood, a
ångströms] and the position 600 on the normal spectrum. The red must be pure, of primary non-decomposable colour, and exempt of blue and yellow having, according to the above-indicated diagram, a wavelength of 6,562 [ångströms] and the position 285 on the normal spectrum.[1]
Colours scheme |
Red | Green | White |
---|---|---|---|
RGB | 210-16-52 | 0-102-51 | 255-255-255 |
Hexadecimal | #D21034 | #006633 | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | 0, 92, 75, 18 | 100, 0, 50, 60 | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
Pantone | 186 C | 356 C | White |
Construction Sheet
Symbolism
The flag aims to highlight
History
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, various Islamic dynasties ruled in what is now Algeria and controlled different territories at different times. At that time, national flags as we understand them today were not used. It is possible to distinguish, using various sources, certain constants, such as the presence of a crescent with variable orientation and the presence of the colors red, blue and white.[6]
-
Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on according to the Portolan chart.
-
Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on Pietro Vescontes' map.
Regency of Algiers
Red, yellow and green flags
Numerous Arab and French sources unanimously agree on the
Other flags
-
Flag of theDey of Algiers according to the album by John Beaumont (1705).[19]
-
Algerian Land forces Flag (Odjak of Algiers), during the conquest, the French captured about 100 with varying numbers of red and yellow stripes. [21][22]
-
A frequently appearing motif of a red flag with its head in the canton. Usually it is the head of a traditionally dressed man, but there have been depictions using a skull.
-
A pavilion of the regency of Algiers[23]
-
Example of a flag used by corsairs of the Algiers regency.[20]
-
Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers.[20]
-
A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681. Note the various flags with crescents used by the pirates.
The
French Algeria
-
Merchant flag of French Algeria
French Algeria was the period of Algerian history when the country was a colony and later a part of France, for this reason the official flag was the flag of France. The French invasion began at a time when France used a solid white flag, but during the campaign, as a result of the July Revolution in metropolitan France, the tricolor was adopted, which remained in use until the independence of the Republic of Algeria in 1962. In the 19th century there was a merchant flag used on ships coming from Algeria and it was adopted after 1848, when the territories in Algeria were integrated with Metropolitan France, creates the multicolored motifs of the striped flags of the regency. The exact rules and years of use of the striped flag are unknown. The misrepresentation of the merchant flag as the main flag of French Algeria has been happening since the 19th century.[27]
Emirate of Abdelkader
-
Flag of the Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)
-
Regimental flag
-
Flag captured by the French
The
History of the current flag
-
One of the flags used in Sétif revolt (1945)
-
Flag of Algerian nationalists from Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto.
-
One of many variants of the flag used by Algierian nationalists before gaining independence.
-
One of many variants of the flag used by Algierian nationalists before gaining independence.
The North African Star (ENA) Association was preserved in 1926, with Messali Hadj as its chairman, and one of its members was the grandson of the Emir Abdelkader, Khalid ibn Hashim. Since 1926, this organization has used a green flag with the words "Algeria our country, Arabic our language and Islam our religion".[30]
While there is some dispute over who exactly designed the green and white with red star and crescent symbol,[31] Émilie Busquant, wife of the Algerian nationalist leader Messali Hadj, is generally credited as having sewed the first version of the flag in 1934.[32]
Historian Benjamin Stora explains that it was during a meeting of the ENA, in 1934, that the colors of the flag were chosen, after which Émilie Busquant was tasked with sewing it.[33] However, René Gallissot and Anissa Bouayed affirm that this is not the first appearance of the Algerian flag, as Algerian trade union demonstrators displayed this same flag (green and white with a red star and crescent) during the May Day parades in 1919 and 1920, in France and Algeria.[34][35]
Research by historian Mohamed Ghnanèche shows that in 1940, another flag was adopted with a red star and a white crescent placed above the center. It was then transformed by the
The green and white flag marked with a star and a red crescent was adopted by the National Liberation Front (FLN), which led the fight against France and was subsequently adopted in 1958 by the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic. It was raised at the Monrovia Conference in August 1959, where it was officially recognized by several African countries. It is then formalized and standardized by the law of April 25, 1963.[38]
See also
References
- ^ "Thanh-Tâm Lê, 2 January 1999 (crwflags.com)". 1999. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
- ^ Chebel 2001, p. 143
- ^ Lux-Wurm 2001, p. 38
- ^ Merzouk 2008, p. 253
- ^ Stora, Benjamin (1985). Dictionnaire biographique de militants nationalistes algériens (in French). p. 74.
- ^ (in Arabic) Drapeaux des Hafsides souverain de Tunis et Béjaïa
- ^ توفيق, مدني، أحمد (1984). حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا، 1492-1792 (in Arabic). المؤسسة الوطنية للكتاب،. p. 175.
- ^ Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie (in French). Impr. P. Crescenzo. p. 360.
- ISBN 9789004347380.
- ISBN 978-0-521-85164-0, retrieved 2023-09-14
- ^ Gaïd, Mouloud (1975). L'Algérie sous les Turcs (in French). Maison tunisienne de l'édition. p. 58.
The great flag of Algiers, formed of three bands of silk in red, green and yellow, majestically deployed over the gate
- ^ Fondation de la régence d'Alger: histoire des Barberousse, chronique arabe du XVIe siècle, publiée sur un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque royale, avec un appendice et des notes : expédition de Charles-Quint (in French). Bouslama. 1837. p. 193.
it was from the top of its vast terraces (Jenina palace) on which floated the red, yellow and green standard
- ^ Drohojowska.]), A. S. de DONCOURT (Chevalier, pseud [i e the Countess Antoinette Joséphine Fránçoise Anne (1875). Les Fastes de la Marine Française. Marine militaire (in French).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Farine, Charles (1869). Deux pirates au XVIe siècle: histoire des Barberousse (in French). P. Ducrocq. p. 501.
- ^ Marius Bernard (1887). L'Algérie qui s'en va (in French). Plon, Nourrit. p. 39.
- ^ DROHOJOWSKA, Countess Antoinette Joséphine Françoise Anne (1848). L'historie d'Algérie, racontée à la jeunesse ... ouvrage ... précédé d'une préface de D. Lévi Alvarès ... et faisant suite au cours d'histoires racontées á la jeunesse ... par M. Lamé Fleury (in French).
- ^ Léon Galibert (1844). ancienne et moderne depuis les premiers éstablissements des Carthaginois jusqu'à la prise de la Smalah d'Abd-el-Kader (in French). Furne. p. 181.
- ^ مولود قاسم نايت بلقاسم (1985). شخصية الجزائر الدولية وهيبتها العالم العالمية قبل سنة ١٨٣٠, Volume 1 (in Arabic). دار البعث. p. 142.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-283-01813-2.
- ^ a b c d Carington Bowles (1783). Bowles's universal display of the naval flags of all nations in the world. Londres.
- ^ Flag Bulletin. Flag Research Center. 1986. p. 166.
- ^ "Algeria: Miscellaneous flag reports, late 18th - early 19th century".
- ^ B. Dubreuil, Les pavillons des États musulmans, Publications de la Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines de Rabat, 1965, p. 11.
- ^ "AL DJAZAIR Algeria". Retrieved 2015-01-23.
- ^ Konstam (2016), pp. 34–37, 40, 43, 52, 56, 57 61.
- ^ Konstam (2016), p. 61.
- ^ "Cigarette Cards: Flag Girls (1908)". www.listal.com. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
- ISBN 978-0-19-997766-6.
- ^ "Le sel de la terre: Passage à la manufacture d'armes de l'Emir Abdelkader à Miliana". 13 November 2016.
- ^ Sadouni, Brahim (1990). Le drapeau: écrit d'un harki. L'Harmattan. p. 68.
- ^ Houda, B. (20 August 1997). "Le vert, le blanc, l'étoile et le croissant Qui a conçu le drapeau algérien ?". El Watan. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Kessous, Mustapha. "Emilie Busquant la plus algerienne des francaises".
- ^ Benjamin Stora, Nationalistes algériens et révolutionnaires français au temps du Front populaire, L'Harmattan, 1987, p. 94, extrait en ligne.
- ^ René Gallissot; Anissa Bouayed (2006). Algérie. Engagements sociaux et question nationale : de la colonisation à l'indépendance de 1830 à 1962. Éditions de l'Atelier. p. 176.
- ISSN 1111-2050. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Cheurfi 2004, p. 144
- ^ Achour Cheurfi, La révolution algérienne (1954-1962) : Dictionnaire biographique, Casbah éditions, 2004, 495 p. (ISBN 978-9961-64-478-2)
- ^ Repères chronologiques de la guerre d'Algérie
Bibliography
- Chebel, Malek (2001). Dictionnaire des symboles musulmans. Éditions Albin Michel.
- Cheurfi, Achour (2004). La révolution algérienne (1954-1962): Dictionnaire biographique (in French). Casbah éditions. ISBN 978-9961-64-478-2.
- ISBN 978-1-4728-1543-9.
- Lux-Wurm, Pierre (2001). Les drapeaux de l'islam (in French). Buchet-Chastel. ISBN 978-2-283-01813-2.
- Merzouk, Khaled (2008). Messali Hadj et ses compagnons a Tlemecen : récits et anecdotes de son époque, 1898-1974 (in French). El Dar El Othmania.
External links
Media related to Flags of Algeria at Wikimedia Commons
- Algeria at Flags of the World
- Flag of Algeria at flagscorner.com Archived 2019-12-12 at the Wayback Machine