Flag of Serbia
tricolour of red, blue, and white; charged with the lesser coat of arms left of center | |
Civil flag / Narodna zastava | |
tricolour of red, blue, and white |
The flag of Serbia (
History
Medieval flags
The son of King Stefan Vladislav (reigned 1233–1243), župan Desa, sent delegates from Kotor to Dubrovnik to bring back part of the king's treasury held at Ragusa, which they did on 3 July 1281; the inventory list included, among other things, "a flag of red and blue color".[2] It is described as vexillum unum de zendato rubeo et blavo—"a flag of fabric red and blue"; zendato (Serbian: čenda) being a type of light, silky fabric.[3] This is the oldest known attestation of colours of a Serbian flag; the oldest known Serbian flag was red and blue.[2] But already in 1271 the flag colors of župan Desa were red and white.[4] Although the color order is not known, the version with horizontal red and blue is sometimes used in medieval-themed events in modern Serbia.[5]
Hungarian King
In 1326, king Stefan Dečanski sent a delegate to the
The oldest known drawing of a Serbian flag is from the 1339 map made by
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Flag of Serbia on the map of Angelino Dulcert (1339)
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Flag of Emperor Stefan Dušan
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Divellion (imperial insignia and personal banner) of Emperor Stefan Dušan
Revolutionary flags
During the
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Flag of the First Serbian Uprising from 1804
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Triband from the First Serbian Uprising
-
Takovo flag from the Second Serbian Uprising
Modern flags
The 1835 Sretenje Constitution described the colors of the Serbian flag as bright red, white and čelikasto-ugasita (that could be translated as steelish-dark).
The colors of the current flag of Serbia are based on the symbolism of those of the flag of Russia since 1835, but these colors are the reverse of those on the flag of Russia, and various popular stories exist in Serbia which seek to explain why. An example:[19]
In
Russian flag upside down. The citizens thus noticed that Serbshave their own characteristics.
Serbia used the red, blue and white tricolor as a national flag continuously from 1835 until 1918, when Serbia ceased to be a sovereign state after it joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later known as Yugoslavia, the tricolor was a used as a Serbian civil flag, from 1918 to 1945. Also in 1918, a Serbian flag was flown over the White House in Washington, D.C. as a show of solidarity by the U.S. towards Serbia during World War I.[20][21][22][23]
-
Civil flag of the
Principality of Serbia
(1835–1882) -
Civil flag of the
Kingdom of Serbia
(1882–1918)
After
-
Flag of the
FR Yugoslavia)
1992–2004 -
Civil flag of the
Republic of Serbia
(Serbia and Montenegro until 2006)
(2004–2010)
The state flag of Serbia is also popular with Serbs in the Republika Srpska, who usually prefer to fly it instead of the national flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[31]
Design
The state flag bears the lesser coat of arms, centred vertically and shifted to the hoist side by one-seventh of the flag's length.[32] The flag ratio is 2 to 3 (height/width), with three equal horizontal bands of red, blue and white, each taking one third of the height. Recommended colors (white and black are not documented in Pantone) are:[33] The colors have no officially-designated meaning, but traditionally red is taken to represent wartime bloodshed, blue freedom, and white mother's breastmilk.[34]
Scheme | Red | Purpure α | Blue | White | Yellow | Black |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pantone | 1797C | 704C | 541C | White | 143C | Black |
CMYK | 0-73-69-22 | 0-90-70-30 | 90-46-0-53 | 0-0-0-0 | 4-24-95-0 | 0-0-0-100 |
RGB | 199-54-61 | 161-45-46 | 12-64-119 | 255-255-255 | 237-185-45 | 0-0-0 |
Hexadecimal | #C7363D | #A12D2E | #0C4077 | #FFFFFF | #EDB92E | #000000 |
^α Only used on the greater arms' ermine mantling, as seen on the presidential standards.
Flag protocol
The
The civil flag of Serbia is constantly flown on the entrance of the National Assembly and organs of provinces and public services. It must be displayed in an election room during an election for provincial or local organs.[40] Also, it can be hoisted during celebrations and other cultural or sport manifestations, and on other occasions.[41]
Neither the state flag nor the civil flag can be hoisted so that they touch the ground, nor be used as rests, tablecloths, carpets or curtains, nor to cover vehicles or other objects, nor to attire speaker platforms or tables, except as table flags.[42] They must not be used if damaged or otherwise look unsuitable for use.[43] The flag is not flown in bad weather conditions. Also, it is flown only in daylight, unless it is illuminated.[44]
If the flag is flown vertically on tables or otherwise, its top field is on the left side of the viewer. If it is flown vertically across a street or square, its top field should be on the northern side if the street has east–west orientation, and eastern side if it has north–south orientation or on a circular square.[45]
The law defines how the flag of Serbia is displayed along with other flags, making no difference between state flags and other kinds of flags. If the flag is hoisted with another flag, it is always on the viewer's left, except during an official visit of a representative of another country or an international organization, when the flag of the visitor is on the viewer's left. If the flag is hoisted with another on crossed staffs, its staff must be the front one.[46]
If the flag of Serbia is hoisted along with two flags, it must be in the middle.[46]
If the flag is flown with multiple flags,
- If the flags are flown in a circle, it must be in the centre of the circle, clearly visible;
- If the flags are flown in a semicircle, it must be in its vertex;
- If the flags are flown in a column, it must be in the front of the column;
- If the flags are flown in a row, it must be in the first place, that is, on the viewer's left;
- If the flags are flown in a group, it must be in the front of the group.[46]
Other official flags
The President of the Republic and the President of the National Assembly use their respective standards.[47]
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Standard of the President of the Republic
-
Standard of the President of the National Assembly
Derived flags
Montenegro used to have a flag similar to the Serbian tricolor with varying shades of blue. It originated from Montenegrin national costume. During the socialist Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro had flags of the same design and colors. Montenegro changed its flag in 1993 by altering the proportion and shade of blue in its flag and used that flag until 2004.
The Serbian tricolor was also the basis for the breakaway territories of Republika Srpska and Republic of Serbian Krajina during the Yugoslav Wars. The flag of Republika Srpska is still the Serbian tricolor as well as flag of Serbs of Croatia.[48][49]
-
Civil flag of the Principality of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Montenegro
(1905–1918) -
Flag of Republic of Serbian Krajina
(1992–1995) -
Flag of Republika Srpska
See also
Notes
References
- ^ a b "Grb Srbije: Dvoglavi orao menja perje" (in Serbian)
- ^ a b c d Stanojević 1934, p. 79.
- ^ a b Samardžić 1983.
- ^ Kostić 1960, p. 9-12.
- ^ "Nije bila trobojka: Ovako je izgledala najstarija srpska zastava". B92 (in Serbian). 22 July 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ Kostić 1960, p. 16, Stanojević 1934, p. 79
- ^ Solovjev 1958, pp. 134–135.
- ^ Škrivanić 1979.
- ^ Stanojević 1934, pp. 79–80.
- ^ Stanojević 1934, p. 80.
- ^ Milićević 1995, p. 22.
- ^ Atlagić 1997.
- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Nenadović, Mateja. [Memoirs] (in Serbian) – via Wikisource.
Пошљем ја те се изнесе из бранковичке цркве барјак, који је био од белога, црвеног и плавог мусулина, са три крста.
"Obeleženo 210 godina od Prvog srpskog ustanka". Pravoslavie.ru (in Serbian). 2014.
"U znak sećanja na ustanike valjevskog kraja". Valjevska posla (in Serbian). 2019. - ^ a b Samardžić 1993.
- ^ B. A: Principality of Serbia (1830–1882) FOTW
- ^ "Глава друга. Боя и Грбъ Сербіє" [Chapter two. Color and Coat of Arms of Serbia]. Уставъ Княжества Сербіє [Constitution of the Princedom of Serbia] (in Serbian). Kragujevac: Princedom of Serbia. 1835. COBISS.SR-ID 150291719. Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
3.) Боя народна Србска єстъ отворено-црвена, бѣла и челикасто-угасита.
- ^ Mih. Gavrilovic, Suspendovanje prvog srpskog ustava februar-mart 1835 god., Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke, I, 1906, 410–412
- ^ D. Matic, Javno pravo Knjazevstva Srbije, Beograd, 1851, 33
- Vecernje novosti (in Serbian). Archived from the originalon 15 January 2009. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ "The Day when the Serbian and U.S. Flags Flew Together over the White House". Archived from the original on 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
- ^ "Amerikanci se dive Srbima: "Zbog jednog od vas, na Beloj kući je pre 100 godina bila srpska zastava" (VIDEO)". 22 July 2018.
- ^ "SRPSKA ZASTAVA VIJORILA SE NA BELOJ KUĆI PRE TAČNO 100 GODINA: Evo kako je došlo do ovog istorijskog događaja". Kurir.rs.
- ^ @USEmbassySerbia (July 22, 2018). "Zahvaljujući jednom od vas pre sto..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ a b Branislav Ž. Vešović: Yugoslavia during the Second World War Archived 2012-02-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 1990 Constitution of Serbia, Article 5
- ^ 1990 Constitution of Serbia, Article 133
- ^ Recommendation on the use of the Flag of Serbia ("Official Gazette of Serbia", No. 49/1992.)
- ^ 2006 Constitution of Serbia, Article 7
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009
- ^ "Srbija i dalje sa dva grba" (in Serbian). 26 October 2013.
- ^ "Bosnia's 'Foreign' Flag Still Draws Mixed Feelings". www.balkaninsight.com. 2017.
- ^ Препорука о коришћењу грба, заставе и химне Србије Archived 2009-11-03 at the Wayback Machine (in Serbian)
- KiB)
- ^ "National symbols". Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 20
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 24
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 23
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 22
- ^ Family Law, article 299
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 28
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 29
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 33
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 6
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 32
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 31
- ^ a b c Republic of Serbia 2009, article 30
- ^ Republic of Serbia 2009, article 25
- ^ Heimer, Zeljko. "The FAME: Republic of Srpska". zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
- ^ "Odluka o zastavi srpske nacionalne manjine u Republici Hrvatskoj" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
Sources
- Official documents
- Republic of Serbia (2009). "Закон о изгледу и употреби грба, заставе и химне Републике Србије" [Law on look and use of the coat of arms, flag and anthem of the Republic of Serbia]. Republic of Serbia.
- Secondary sources
- Atlagić, Marko (1997). "The cross with symbols S as heraldic symbols" (PDF). Baština. 8: 149–158. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2013.
- Filipović, Dušan M. (1977). Dokumenti Srpske Zastave. Vol. 2.
- Filipović, Dušan M. (1980). Dokumenti Srpske Zastave. Vol. 3.
- Kostić, Lazo M. (1960). O zastavama kod Srba: istoriska razmatranja. Izd. piscevo.
- Milićević, Milić (1995). Grb Srbije: razvoj kroz istoriju. Službeni glasnik. ISBN 9788675490470.
- Palavestra, Aleksandar (2010). Ilirski grbovnici i drugi heraldički radovi. Belgrade: Dosije studio.
- Samardžić, Dragana (1983). Vojne zastave Srba do 1918. Vojni muzej.
- Samardžić, Dragana (1993). Старе заставе у Војном Музеју. Vojni muzej.
- Škrivanić, Gavro A., ed. (1979). Monumenta Cartographica Jugoslaviae II: Средњовековне карте. Belgrade: Narodna knjiga.
- Tomović, Gordana (1979), Југословенске земље ..., pp. 35–60
- Solovjev, Aleksandar Vasiljevič (1958). Istorija srpskog grba. Srpska misao.
- Stanojević, Stanoje (1934). Iz naše prošlosti. Belgrade: Geca Kon A. D.
- Krkljuš, L. 2009, "Features and symbols during the Serbian Nationalist Movement from 1848 to 1849", Istraživanja, no. 20, pp. 145–159[permanent dead link]
- Pavlović, Milijvoje (2007). "Od barjaka-krstaša do trobojke". Srpska znanja: zvuci, boje, oblici. Belgrade: Čigoja. pp. 24–28.
External links
- Serbia at Flags of the World
- Historical flags and arms of Serbia (in Italian)
- Flags and arms of Serbia in period times (in German)
- Flags and arms of Serbia