Flag of the East India Company

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

East India Company
UseCompany flag and ensign
Adopted1801
Relinquished1858
DesignThirteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white with the Flag of the United Kingdom in the canton

The flag of the East India Company was used to represent the East India Company, which was chartered in England in 1600. The flag was altered as the nation changed from England to Great Britain to the United Kingdom. It was initially a red and white striped ensign with the flag of England in the canton. The flag displayed in the canton was later replaced by the flag of Great Britain and then the flag of the United Kingdom, as the nation developed.

Early years

The flag of the Company with the flag of England in the canton
Variant with thirteen stripes

Upon receiving a

Elizabeth I in 1600, the English East India Company adopted a flag of red and white stripes (varying from nine to thirteen stripes in total), with the flag of England in the canton.[1]

The flag caused problems for the East India Company at first when trading in the Far East, because of its use of the Saint George's Cross. In Japan in 1616, the Company's ships were turned away because the cross on the flag was viewed as a symbol of Christianity, which the Japanese had banned in 1614.[2][3] The Lê dynasty in Tonkin banned the Company from using the flag, believing the cross on it to be an endorsement of Christianity, promotion of which the Tonkinese had prohibited. The Company's trading rivals, the Dutch East India Company, argued on the Company's behalf that the cross was a symbol of the English nation and not of Christianity, but the Tonkinese insisted on banning the flying of the flag unless the cross was removed.[4] In 1673, when the Company attempted to restart trade with Japan, they initially declared they would not change their flag. However, after receiving local advice and a demand for an explanation from the Japanese authorities, the Company began using a flag with red and white stripes, but without the flag of England on it, for trading in the Far East.[2][3]

In 1682 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies (modern-day Jakarta), the Company flag was at the centre of tensions between the English and Dutch governments after soldiers from the Dutch East India Company were accused of tearing down one of the Company flags. Although the Dutch sent warships to reinforce the area, the event came to nothing, as the person making the accusation was not present on Batavia, and neither the Company directors nor King Charles II of England had any desire to enter into a military conflict with the Dutch over the matter.[5]

Great Britain

The flag of the Company with the flag of Great Britain in the canton

In 1603, when King

King's Colours.[6] The East India Company continued using their ensign with the flag of England in the canton. In 1668, King Charles II transferred control of Bombay to the East India Company. The Company then adopted a new flag including the King's Colours, as was shown when blue cloth, in addition to red and white, was requested for making a new flag for the fort in Bombay "if the King's colours were to be kept there; 'if not, white and red will be sufficient'”.[7] The King's Colours were later formally adopted as the flag of Great Britain when the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed by the Acts of Union 1707 at the behest of Queen Anne.[8]

Comparison with American flag

The Grand Union Flag, 1775

The flag of the East India Company is considered to have inspired the 1775

American War of Independence, as they shared similar aims and grievances against Crown tax policies. Colonists therefore flew the Company's flag, to endorse the Company.[10]

However, the theory that the Grand Union Flag was a direct descendant of the flag of the East India Company has been criticised as lacking written evidence.[7] On the other hand, the resemblance is obvious, and a number of the Founding Fathers of the United States were aware of the East India Company's activities and of their free administration of India under Company rule.[7]

United Kingdom

In 1801, following the unification of Great Britain and the

Union Flag was changed to incorporate Saint Patrick's Saltire. Accordingly, the flag of the East India Company was updated to display the new flag in the canton.[11]

In 1858, the British government passed the

nationalising the East India Company and taking over all of their possessions within India, where they would be considered legally a part of the British Raj. Company rule in India thus ended, and the Company flag ceased to have official status.[12]

Gallery

  • Downman (1685)
    Downman (1685)
  • Lens (1700)
    Lens (1700)
  • Rees (1820)
    Rees (1820)
  • Laurie (1842)
    Laurie (1842)

See also

References

  1. ^ Preble, George (1872). Our Flag: Origin and Progress of the Flag of the United States of America, with an Introductory Account of the Symbols, Standards, Banners and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations. J Munsell. p. 155.
  2. ^ .(subscription required)
  3. ^ a b c Fawcett, Charles (1937). The STRIPED FLAG of the EAST INDIA COMPANY, and its CONNEXION with the AMERICAN "STARS and STRIPES".
  4. .
  5. .
  6. ^ A.C. Fox-Davies, The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory (1904), p. 399
  7. ^ a b c "Saltires and Stars & Stripes". The Economic Times. 2014-09-22. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  8. ^ "History of the British Flag". U.S. National Park Service. 2016-03-16. Archived from the original on 2017-07-09. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  9. .
  10. .
  11. .
  12. ^ Keith, A.B. "A Constitutional History Of India 1600–1935". San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2017-05-23 – via Wayback Machine.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

External links