Flash (Jay Garrick)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Jay Garrick
Jay Garrick as depicted on the variant cover of The Flash #750 (March 2020).
Art by Nicola Scott and Annette Kwok.
Publication information
PublisherDC Comics
First appearanceFlash Comics #1 (January 10th 1940)
Created by
In-story information
Alter egoJason Peter "Jay" Garrick
SpeciesMetahuman
Team affiliationsJustice Society of America
All-Star Squadron
Justice League International
Justice League
PartnershipsSpeedster partners:
Barry Allen
Wally West
Bart Allen
Max Mercury
Other hero partners:
Wildcat (Ted Grant)
Green Lantern (Alan Scott)
Abilities
See list
    • Immense superhuman speed, agility, reflexes, and stamina via speed force aura conduit
    • Vortex creations
    • Decelerated aging
    • Speed force empathy
    • Dimensional travel
    • Augmented by the extra-dimensional
      Speed Force
    • Frictionless aura
    • Intangibility via molecular vibration
    • Electrokinesis
    • Accelerated healing process
    • Speed theft/granting
    • Expert combatant

Jason Peter "Jay" Garrick is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the first character known as the Flash.[1] The character first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (January 1940), created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert.

In the original Golden Age comics, Jay Garrick gained his speed-enhancing abilities by inhaling hard water vapor during a lab experiment. This accident granted him superhuman speed and agility, allowing him to become the Flash and fight crime.

Jay Garrick has made numerous appearances in other media. The character made its live-action debut as a

Zoom disguised as Jay Garrick in the series. Garrick later made a cameo appearance in The Flash (2023), portrayed via CGI and modeled after editor Jason Ballantine.[2]

Creation

In an interview, co-creator Harry Lampert commented on the character's creation. "The idea of the Flash was Gardner Fox's idea...it was supposed to be based upon the god Mercury… I went into the dictionary and there's the most beautiful rendition of Mercury and then I took my Flash and superimposed [them together] and they were almost identical, the pose is the same except a few doodads, and as I did it, I kept it as close as possible to that graceful attitude."[3]

Publication history

First appearance in Flash Comics #1 (January 1940). Cover by Sheldon Moldoff.

The character of Jay Garrick was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert. He first appeared in Flash Comics #1, the pilot issue of Flash Comics, which was published in 1940 by All-American Publications. He was soon featured in All-Star Comics as part of the Justice Society of America. In 1941, he received a solo comic book series, All-Flash.

After World War II, superheroes declined in popularity, causing many of the Flash's comic book series to be canceled. All-Flash was canceled in 1948 after 32 issues. Flash Comics was canceled in 1949 after 104 issues. All-Star Comics was canceled in 1951 after 57 issues, marking Garrick's last

Golden Age appearance. The character did not appear again for ten years and would not have another solo series until the 2023 series "The New Golden Age
".

In 1956, DC Comics reinvented the Flash character, giving him a new costume, name, and background. This new Flash, named Barry Allen, was completely unrelated to Jay Garrick, with the latter becoming a fictional character in-universe.

Jay Garrick made a guest appearance in Flash #123. In this issue, Garrick was treated as residing in a parallel universe (Earth-Two), which allowed the character to exist without any continuity conflicts with Barry Allen (who existed on Earth-One), yet allowed him to make guest appearances in Silver Age books. For most of the 60s and 70s, Garrick made guest appearances. However, starting in 1976, Garrick became a regular character in the revived All-Star Comics, partaking in adventures with the Justice Society in stories set in modern times. In 1981, he and the Justice Society appeared in All-Star Squadron in stories set during World War II.

In 1985, DC Comics merged all of its fictional characters into a single shared universe. Jay Garrick now shares the same world as the New Flash. DC wrote the character out of continuity in the one-shot Last Days of the Justice Society but brought the character back in the 1990s due to fan interest. Unlike characters such as Batman or Superman, DC decided not to update Jay as a young hero but portrayed him as a veteran of World War II with a magically prolonged lifespan. Jay Garrick became a regular character in the JSA and Justice Society of America.

Fictional character biography

Origin

Jay Garrick as the Flash, in his original costume, during the 1940s, in a page of Flash Comics #1 (January 1940). Art by the character's co-creator Harry Lampert.

Jason Peter Garrick[4] is a college student. Prior to 1940 (later retconned to 1938) while working for his academic advisor Professor Hughes, Jay accidentally inhaled hard water vapors after taking a smoke break in his laboratory where he had been working (later stories would change this to heavy water vapors). As a result, he finds that he can run at superhuman speed and has similarly fast reflexes. Retcons imply that the inhalation simply activated a latent metagene.

After a brief career as a college football star, he dons a red shirt with a lightning bolt and a stylized metal helmet with wings (based on images of the Roman god Mercury). He then begins to fight crime as the Flash.[1] The helmet belonged to his father Joseph who fought during World War I.[5] He sometimes uses the helmet as a weapon or a type of shield, as seen in Infinite Crisis.[6] He has also used it to direct a beam of light at Eclipso. In The Flash: Rebirth (2010), he used it to destabilize the Reverse Flash.

In the early stories, it seems to be generally known that Garrick is the Flash.[7] Later stories would show him as having his identity secret, and that he is able to maintain it without the use of a mask by constantly "vibrating" his features, making him hard to recognize or clearly photograph. The effectiveness of this is debatable, as he later blamed his girlfriend Joan, deducing his true identity from his lack of a mask. Garrick ultimately revealed his identity as the Flash to the world.[8]

During his career, he would often find himself embroiled in semi-comic situations inadvertently initiated by Winky, Blinky, and Noddy, a trio of tramps known as the Three Dimwits, who tried their hand at one job after another, never successfully.

His first case involves battling the Faultless Four, a group of blackmailers (Sieur Satan, Serge Orloff, Duriel, and Smythe), who plot to steal an atomic bombarder and sell it. It is later revealed that a professor named Edward Clariss found the last container of heavy water vapor and used it to gain super-speed, becoming the Rival. He briefly takes away Jay's speed after capturing him, making him super slow, but Jay uses the gases again, allowing him to regain his super speed and defeat the Rival.

Like the Flashes who followed him, Garrick became a close friend of the Green Lantern of his time, Alan Scott, whom he met through the Justice Society of America.

Justice Society of America

The Flash soon became one of the best-known of the

Keystone City
. He left the JSA after issue #6 but returned several years later (issue #24, spring 1945). He had a distinguished career as a crime-fighter during the 1940s.

Garrick's early history was largely the subject of retcons. A story explaining the retirement of the JSA members, including the Flash, explained that, in 1951, the JSA was investigated by the House Un-American Activities Committee for possible Communist sympathies and asked to reveal their identities. This was later revealed to be partly caused by Per Degaton. The JSA declined, and Garrick, who recently married his longtime girlfriend, Joan, retired from superhero life. As a trained scientist, he ran an experimental laboratory for several decades.

The

the Shade
prompted Garrick to come out of retirement in the 1950s, but the details of his activities during this time are hazy at best.

Earth-Two

Garrick emerged from retirement in 1961 to meet the

Green Lantern (Alan Scott)
were good friends. It is also established that Garrick has become a respected scientist on his Earth.

Garrick was a key member of the JSA's 1970s adventures (as chronicled in All-Star Comics and

Central City, with the two separated by a river. An updated story suggests that Keystone in this new continuity was rendered invisible and wiped from the memories of the world for many years through the actions of several supervillains.[11]

21st Century

Jay Garrick, into the 21st century as an aged superhero. Cover art for JSA #78 by Alex Ross.

In the early 21st century, many of Garrick's JSA cohorts have retired or died, but Garrick remains active with the latest incarnation of the group. He is physically about 50 years old, thanks to the effects of several accidental anti-aging treatments, but his chronological age is closer to 105. He is one of the few surviving members of the Justice Society of America after

Zero Hour.[12] Of the three original JSA members still on the team (along with Alan Scott and Wildcat
), Jay takes a fatherly approach toward his teammates and the DC superhero community in general.

Infinite Crisis and One Year Later

Main articles: Infinite Crisis and One Year Later

Garrick and his wife, Joan, had guardianship of

Speed Force is gone after a battle in which many speedsters, living and dead, wrestle Superboy-Prime into the Speed Force and disappear. Garrick is left behind on Earth by the other speedsters when he reaches his speed limit and cannot follow. Bart Allen returns, aged several years, having absorbed the entire Speed Force during his pursuit of the escaped Superboy-Prime. Garrick claims that without the Speed Force, his own power is less than before: like Wally West in the Crisis on Infinite Earths aftermath, he can only run close to the speed of sound
. He also states that, as the Speed Force is no longer retarding his aging, his speed is diminishing with time. After Bart leaves Keystone City for Los Angeles, Garrick, once again, is the city's sole guardian. After hearing news of Bart's demise, Garrick collapses with grief, consoled by Jesse Chambers.

Garrick continues his work as a member of the reformed Justice Society of America, under the leadership of Power Girl. After the death of Bart Allen, Garrick's full speed returns. Garrick is currently the mayor of Monument Point, where the JSA is now based. He faces problems due to the JSA being based in the Town,[clarification needed] but after talking to another official, who says that, as Garrick is not a politician, he doesn't have to worry about being re-elected, Garrick gains confidence.[13][dubious – discuss] Soon after this, he holds a funeral for Alan Scott, who is killed defeating the villain D'arken, and tells the Justice Society that they must endure.

Velocity

In the Outsiders: One Year Later story arc, a clone of the character called Velocity appears as an antagonist, created by the Brotherhood of Evil.[14] He appears to be in his late 20s or early 30s and is brainwashed into working for the Malinese dictator Ratu Bennin. Velocity is defeated by the combined efforts of the Outsiders. He possesses Jay Garrick's super-speed, but none of his memories or expertise.[15] His unconscious body is placed in the custody of Alan Scott, Checkmate's White King, who states that the Outsiders could not be trusted.[16]

Because of lingering issues in the cloning process, made more unpredictable by the metagene itself, the clone is infected by a fast-acting version of the clone plague deteriorating and shortening the lifespan of clones in the DC Universe. This makes it difficult for Checkmate to find a way to wake him and undo his brainwash, because, even with his special suit, tailored to stave the degenerating process, he would be doomed to a slow death whenever he awakens from his suspended animation.[14]

Brightest Day

In Brightest Day, Garrick and the rest of the JSA help Alan Scott and his children overcome the power of the Starheart, and, in turn, help save the planet from the Dark Avatar. After the events of the Brightest Day, Garrick and the rest of the JSA travel to the city of Monument Point, which has been attacked by a superpowered terrorist named Scythe. Just before being defeated, Scythe snaps Jay's long standing friend Alan Scott's neck.[17][full citation needed] In the following story, it is revealed that Scythe is the product of Nazi genetic engineering, and that Scott and Garrick had been tasked by the president with killing him back when he was in infancy during World War II. The two heroes could not agree on a course of action, and, as a result, Scythe was allowed to live.[18][full citation needed] Doctor Mid-Nite discovers that the injuries Scott sustained have paralyzed Scott, and that any attempt to heal himself could break his constant concentration, which could result in the Starheart once again regaining control of his body.[19][full citation needed]

Jade visits her bed-ridden father in the Emerald City, and offers to use her abilities to help him walk again. Scott declines his daughter's offer, reasoning that if the Starheart were to once again take over his body, it could result in the deaths of everyone in the city.

Jesse Quick having to get Scott to safety.[20]

Later, the JSA tries to take down the villain D'arken, who has broken free from imprisonment beneath Monument Point and absorbed the powers of JSA members, but D'arken is too powerful for the JSA to take him down. Due to the entity's ability to absorb powers from superhumans in its vicinity, only non-superpowered and magical members fight D'arken. The JSA tells Alan Scott that unleashing the Starheart is the only way to destroy D'arken. However, after releasing the Starheart energies, Scott's body begins to incinerate itself. Afterwards, the JSA attends a funeral for Scott, whom they believe to be dead.[21] Garrick is upset at having lost one of his closest friends and founding members of the JSA.

DC Rebirth

Following the return of

Kid Flash's interference to prevent Barry from being absorbed for good. Barry later reveals that, when he was overwhelmed by the Speed Force, he saw visions of possible future events. He also reveals his last glimpse before he was returned to normal was that something more was trapped inside the Speed Force and although he could not recognize it, it still filled him with hope. The object that Barry saw was then revealed to be the helmet of the pre-Flashpoint Jay Garrick.[22]

While tracking a mysterious force responsible for the recent universal reset, Barry and Batman experience another vision in the form of a vision of Jay's helmet, although he attributes it to the helmet of Mercury. While chasing Thawne, Bruce and Barry can hear someone calling out for the latter, but Barry believes it to be calls from lost moments that could have been. As the Cosmic Treadmill begins to break apart, the voice intensifies, and Bruce tells Barry to listen and grab onto the voice. As the voice says "Jay", Barry says the name as well, and Jay Garrick arrives, claiming he is free and provides enough speed and power to get Batman and Barry back home. Jay explains he didn't kill Thawne, he is a friend, and (also) The Flash. He tries to get Barry to remember who he is; Barry is unable to, but finds Jay familiar and somehow trusts him. Then Jay is absorbed by a blue light and taken away. Barry believes Jay may be from another time that no longer exists and Barry is not the person that keeps him tethered to reality, saying he's "not his lightning rod."[23]

In the "Watchmen" sequel "Doomsday Clock," Lois Lane finds a flash-drive among a mess of papers while at the Daily Planet. It shows her footage of Alan Scott and the rest of the Justice Society.[24] When Doctor Manhattan undoes his experiment that erased the Justice Society of America and the Legion of Super-Heroes, Garrick appears with the Justice Society when they and the Legion of Super-Heroes arrive to help Superman fight Black Adam's group and the foreign superheroes.[25]

Jay Garrick stars in “At the Starting Line”, a story included in the milestone celebration issue The Flash #750. This is Jay's first solo story in over a decade.[26] In a single-panel cameo, a figure in a yellow costume (revealed to be Eobard Thawne) whispers to Jay that he will be forgotten in the future during his fight with Thinker. It appears to take place in the same continuity as the main line of Flash comics, as the final panel show the images of the future Flashes as well as members of their Rogues gallery while Jay muses on the future.[27] Jay assists the Flash family when it comes to fighting Eobard Thawne and his Legion of Zoom.[28]

In the pages of "Dark Nights: Death Metal", Jay Garrick was with Alan Scott, Doctor Fate, and Wildcat where they guarded the Valhalla Cemetery.[29] When Darkest Knight and the Robin King break into Valhalla Cemetery to target Wally's power, Jay Garrick, Barry Allen, and Wally West run with the Darkest Knight giving chase.[30] Barry, Wally, and Jay team up with Kid Flash and the rest of the Flash family to outrun the Darkest Knight and his army of Dark Multiverse Flashes to reach the Mobius Chair.[31] Flash was with the Justice Society when heroes and villains alike prepared themselves for the final battle against Perpetua and the Darkest Knight.[32] Jay fought against one of the Last 52 heroes where he engaged with his Nazi counterpart.[33] Then he and Barry fought a Last 52 version of Wally West that had the powers of Doctor Manhattan where Jay was killed by him. When the Hands undid the damages caused by Perpetua and Darkest Night and restored Earth-0 to its Pre-Metalverse state, Jay was among the superheroes revived by them.[34]

Dawn of DC

In the pages of "

Angle Man and an army of inter-dimensional Bizarros until Huntress defeated Angle Man enough for the Bizarros to disappear. After Green Lantern's ring confirms Huntress' story of what happened in her future and her encounter with Per Degaton, Flash takes Wildcat, Jakeem Thunder, and Johnny Thunderbolt's suggestion to call Ted Grant. The JSA is then confronted by Per Degaton.[37] During the fight with Per Degaton, Flash's speed is slowed down by him.[38] Flash is among those who caught up with Huntress and Batman. Then he partook in the fight against Per Degaton and his time variants. After Per Degaton is defeated, Jay asks Mister Terrific what has changed in time. They are then visited by Stargirl, the Hourman android, and Boom.[39] Boom's arrival has jogged Flash's memory of Boom as they speed off to meet up with Joan Garrick.[40] Flash later tells Huntress the status report on the Power Restraints that Mister Terrific is working on to be used for Icicle while also stating that Jack Knight has retired.[41]

Upon meeting up with Joan, Jay Garrick sees Joan Garrick having her memory jogged of having given birth to Judy Garrick. She helps Jay get settled in to their house. As Flash, he ends up helping Boom stop some bank robbers. During a discussion after that, Jay learns from Judy that she disappeared in 1963 after helping to save Joan from Doctor Elemental. Jay's memory of Doctor Elemental is also jogged.

Garrison Slate at Detroit's S.T.A.R. Labs branch where he gives him a profile on Professor Hughes. They learn about how he was in the next room when he played a part in Flash's origin, was visited by a man named Parsifal whose bosses would like Professor Hughes to do some work for them, constructing the Doctor Elemental armor, created Ro-Bear, his known fights with Flash, and the founding of S.T.A.R. Labs. Afterwards, the receptionist of Slate is revealed to be an android working for Professor Hughes stating that he is fired as it's arms become guns which begin firing at Flash, Boom, and Slate.[45] Flash defeated the android receptionist at the cost of Garrison Slate's life as his dying breath has him telling Flash that Doctor Elemental will be coming for Boom. Doctor Elemental speaks through the defeated android receptionist claiming Boom was responsible for Slate's death and compared Jay Garrick to a laboratory mouse. Upon setting the android receptionist to self-destruct, Flash and Boom evacuate the S.T.A.R. Labs personnel before it explodes and Flash states that the Justice Society will rescue the sensitive experiments. Jay and Judy then head to Natal, Brazil to meet up with Pieter Cross who helps in locating Doctor Elemental to no avail. When Ro-Bear and the robots with him attack Pieter's hut while demanding the surrender of Boom, Jay and Pieter become Flash and Doctor Mid-Nite to fight Ro-Bear and his robots. They learned too late that this was a diversion as Doctor Elemental and the robots with him have infiltrated Doctor Mid-Nite's lair as one of the robots tranquilizes Boom. After Doctor Mid-Nite had disabled Ro-Bear's teleporter device with Flash discovering that Doctor Elemental made off with Boom, Flash prepares to intimidate Ro-Bear into telling them where Doctor Elemental has taken Boom...."or else"![46]

In another flashback to 1941, Green Lantern meets with Flash when it comes to Green Lantern having brought in a man who had suspicious burn marks on him.

Red Lantern when the Crimson Host attacks the city.[48]

Powers and abilities

As the Flash, Garrick can run at superhuman speeds and has superhumanly-fast reflexes, tapping into the Speed Force. The limits of his speed have fluctuated over the years, though he has usually been second to DC's "flagship" Flash, Barry Allen and his successor, Wally West.

In his earliest appearances, Garrick's speed was derived from a metagene that activated after he inhaled hard water vapors. By his own account, he initially could run just shy of the speed of sound. He could carry people away with him at super-speed without causing injury due to extreme acceleration. He could make himself invisible by vibrating his body at high frequencies and disguise his features by vibrating his molecules. Once he met Barry Allen, he surpassed his limitations, citing running at 'twenty times the speed of sound',[citation needed] seemingly able to tap into the Speed Force. He has since displayed speed absorption, time travel and interdimensional shifting abilities.

When Barry Allen absorbed the Speed Force during "Infinite Crisis", Jay's speed was diminished to the same level as his early adventures. He struggled to surpass the speed of sound and lost many of his higher powers. Once the Speed Force returned, Jay's powers were fully restored.

Collected editions

Title Material collected Published date ISBN
The Golden Age Flash Archives Vol. 1 Flash Comics #1–17 September 1999 978-1563895067
The Golden Age Flash Archives Vol. 2 Flash Comics #18–24, All Flash Comics #1–2 February 2006 978-1401207847
The Greatest Flash Stories Ever Told Flash Comics #1, 66, 86, Comic Cavalcade #24, Showcase #4, The Flash (vol. 1) #107, 113, 119, 124, 125, 137, 143, 148, 179, Five-Star Super-Hero Spectacular, The Flash (vol. 2) #2 January 1991 978-0930289843
The Flash: The Greatest Stories Ever Told Flash Comics #86, 104, The Flash (vol. 1) #123, 155, 165, 179, The Flash (vol. 2) #91, DC Special Series #11 August 2007 978-1401213725

Supporting characters

Main article: List of Flash supporting characters § Golden Age

Joan Garrick

Main article:
Joan Garrick

Winky, Blinky, and Noddy

Main article: Winky, Blinky, and Noddy

Other versions

Earth 2

Earth 2's Jay Garrick from the cover of Earth 2 #2.

Following the 2011 reboot of the DC comics universe, a new version of Jay Garrick is introduced in the first issue of the

Solomon Grundy, making his first public debut as the Flash.[50]

Earth 2's Jay Garrick is among the different Flashes that appear on Prime Earth to help fight Eobard Thawne and his Legion of Zoom.[51]

52 and Countdown

In the final issue of DC's year-long series 52 in 2007, a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown, one is designated "Earth-2". As a result of Mister Mind "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-Two, now called Earth-2, to distinguish the two separate realities. In one-panel, a new counterpart to Jay Garrick is shown, among other Justice Society of America characters. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the panel in which they appear,[52] but they are later specifically used in the Countdown: Arena series, where the new Earth-2 Flash is specifically identified as Jay Garrick and does not allow others to call him "Flash". Despite being an almost exact duplicate to the original World War II Garrick, it is shown that the new Earth-2 Garrick is much younger, having no gray hair at all.[53] Other Garricks are shown in the 52 multiverse. A second young Jay Garrick lives on the unspecified Earth that Wally West went to with his young children at the beginning of Bart Allen's tenure as the Flash. This Garrick is separate from the young post-Crisis Earth-2 Garrick, as the post-Crisis Earth-2 heroes make no mention of Wally or his children on their Earth.[54]

The multiverse established in 52 was later replaced following DC's 2011 Flashpoint storyline. Following this, a new multiverse was established, and every series was relaunched as part of DC's The New 52 publishing event. The post-52 pre-Flashpoint Earth-2 Jay Garrick ceases to exist, as did the mainstream Jay Garrick. A new but entirely different Earth-2 Jay Garrick then becomes the continually published version of the character (see publication history).

Elseworlds

In the

intelligence agent stationed in Russia, working under the code-name Mercury. He is instrumental in bringing down the story's rogue Superman.[55]

Wonderland

When Brother Grimm helped Captain Cold and Mirror Master trap Wally West in an alternate world where the Speed Force never existed, it is revealed that Jay Garrick never gained his speed in the accident and died during the Second World War.

Flashpoint

In the Flashpoint reality, Jay Garrick died rather than developing super-speed after inhaling hard water.[56]

In other media

Main article: Flash in other media

Television

Animation

Live-action

Jay Garrick / The Flash on The Flash
.
  • Jay Garrick appears in the Smallville two-part episode "Absolute Justice", portrayed by Billy Mitchell.[citation needed] This version operated as a superhero, member of the Justice Society of America (JSA), and a research scientist in the 1970s until he was framed for fraud by the government as part of their plot to disable the JSA. Garrick and his teammates falsely confessed to all charges, but were never convicted and forced to retire due to their secret identities becoming known to law enforcement.
  • Jay Garrick appeared in the Arrowverse series The Flash
    (2014).
  • Jay Garrick / Flash appears in Stargirl, portrayed by an uncredited actor in the first season and portrayed again by John Wesley Shipp in subsequent seasons.[63] This version is a member of the Justice Society of America (JSA). A decade prior to the series, the team was attacked and killed by the Injustice Society, with Garrick being apparently killed by Icicle. After making appearances in flashbacks depicted in the second season, Garrick turns up alive 20 years later in the third season finale "Frenemies – Chapter Thirteen: The Reckoning".

Film

Video games

Miscellaneous

References

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  65. ^ Hermanns, Grant (June 16, 2023). "The Flash's Classic Cameo Is Not Who Everybody Thought It Was, New Report Reveals". Screen Rant. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
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  68. ^ Graeber, Brendan; Defreitas, Casey (February 2, 2018). "Premiere Skins - Injustice 2 Guide". IGN. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  69. ^ Smallville Season 11 #11 (March 2013). DC Comics.
  70. ^ Injustice: Year Zero #9 (October 2020). DC Comics.
  71. ^ Injustice: Year Zero #10 (November 2020). DC Comics.

External links

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