Fleet submarine
A fleet submarine is a
The term has survived in Britain to refer to modern nuclear-powered attack submarines. In the United States Navy, the term came to be used primarily for the long-range submarines that served in World War II.
Examples
United States
The term was used by the
Japanese
Japanese
British
In order to get the speeds – over 20 knots while surfaced – required to match their capital ships and to be able to screen ahead of the fleet or flank the enemy, the British initially used steam propulsion. The K-class entering service in 1916 were large for their time. Although able to reach 24 knots the complexity of shutting down boilers and stowing funnels made them slow to dive.[8]
As the speed of capital ships increased, the United Kingdom abandoned the fleet submarine concept following completion of three 21-knot River-class submarine submarines of the early 1930s using supercharged diesels, because the size required for range and surface speed decreased maneuverability.[9]
Others
Continental European nations sometimes used the terms "ocean-going", "long-patrol", "type 1" or "1st class" submarines, generally referring to
Comparison of World War II submarines
Name | Type | Nation | Surface Displacement | Submerged Displacement | Speed | Torpedo Tubes | Crew | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gato class | fleet submarine | United States | 1,525 tons | 2,415 tons | 20 kt | 10 | 80 | [11] |
Thames class
|
fleet submarine | United Kingdom | 1,850 tons | 2,723 tons | 22 kt | 8 | 61 | [12] |
Kaidai class
|
fleet submarine | Japan | 1,833 tons | 2,602 tons | 23 kt | 6 | 80 | [13] |
Type IXD2
|
ocean-going submarine | Germany | 1,616 tons | 1,804 tons | 19 kt | 6 | 57 | [14] |
Redoutable-class | ocean-going submarine | France | 1,570 tons | 2,084 tons | 17 kt | 9 | 61 | [15] |
Kaichū type | medium submarine | Japan | 1,115 tons | 1,447 tons | 19 kt | 4 | 80 | [16] |
Type XB
|
minelayer | Germany | 1,763 tons | 2,177 tons | 16 kt | 2 | 52 | [17] |
Cagni class | submarine cruiser | Italy | 1,461 tons | 2,136 tons | 18 kt | 14 | 85 | [18] |
Type B1 | submarine cruiser | Japan | 2,584 tons | 3,654 tons | 23 kt | 6 | 100 | [19] |
O 21-class | medium submarine | Netherlands | 888 tons | 1,186 tons | 19 kt | 8 | 55 | [20] |
Type VIIC
|
medium submarine | Germany | 769 tons | 871 tons | 17 kt | 5 | 44 | [21] |
Pietro Micca | minelayer | Italy | 1,371 tons | 1,883 tons | 15 kt | 6 | 66 | [22] |
600 series | medium submarine | Italy | 615 tons | 855 tons | 14 kt | 6 | 41 | [22] |
S-class | medium submarine | United Kingdom | 715 tons | 990 tons | 14 kt | 6 | 44 | [23] |
Grampus class | minelayer | United Kingdom | 1,520 tons | 2,157 tons | 15 kt | 6 | 59 | [12] |
Minerve class | medium submarine | France | 662 tons | 856 tons | 14 kt | 9 | 41 | [24] |
Narwhal-class | submarine cruiser | United States | 2,730 tons | 4,050 tons | 17 kt | 6 | 90 | [25] |
Surcouf | submarine cruiser | France | 3,250 tons | 4,304 tons | 18 kt | 12 | 118 | [26] |
Argonaut | minelayer | United States | 2,710 tons | 4,080 tons | 15 kt | 4 | 89 | [25] |
S-boats | medium submarine | United States | 840 tons | 1,150 tons | 15 kt | 4 | 42 | [27] |
Modern boats
The Royal Navy uses the term for its nuclear-powered attack submarines, distinguishing them from the ballistic missile submarines. The classes of submarine currently in service are the Astute-class and Trafalgar-class.
References
- ^ Friedman, pp. 99–104
- ^ Friedman, p. 310
- ^ Friedman, p. 163
- ^ Potter & Nimitz, p. 797
- ^ Silverstone, p. 176
- ^ Friedman, pp. 310–311
- ^ Watts, pp. 161, 186
- ^ Edward C. Whitman "K for Katastrophe" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lenton & Colledge, p. 135
- ^ le Masson, p. 143
- ^ Silverstone, p. 195
- ^ a b Lenton & Colledge, p. 138
- ^ Watts, p. 188
- ^ Taylor, p. 104
- ^ le Masson, pp. 152, 153
- ^ Watts, p. 189
- ^ Taylor, p. 106
- ^ Kafka & Pepperburg, p. 790
- ^ Watts, p. 185
- ^ Lenton, p. 43
- ^ Taylor, p. 101
- ^ a b Kafka & Pepperburg, p. 793
- ^ Lenton & Colledge, p. 139
- ^ le Masson, p. 161
- ^ a b Silverstone, p. 186
- ^ le Masson, p. 157
- ^ Silverstone, p. 183
Sources
- Alden, John D., Commander (USN Ret) (1979). The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy: A Design and Construction History. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-203-8.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
- Kafka, Roger; Pepperburg, Roy L. (1946). Warships of the World. New York: Cornell Maritime Press.
- le Masson, Henri (1969). Navies of the Second World War. Vol. The French Navy 1. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
- Lenton, H.T. (1968). Navies of the Second World War. Vol. Royal Netherlands Navy. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
- Lenton, H.T.; Colledge, J.J. (1964). British and Dominion Warships of World War II. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
- Potter, E.B.; Nimitz, Chester W. (1960). Sea Power. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1968). U.S. Warships of World War II. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
- Taylor, J.C. (1966). German Warships of World War II. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
- Watts, Anthony J. (1966). Japanese Warships of World War II. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.