Fleetwood
Fleetwood | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | FLEETWOOD | |
Postcode district | FY7 | |
Dialling code | 01253 | |
Police | Lancashire | |
Fire | Lancashire | |
Ambulance | North West | |
UK Parliament | ||
Website | www | |
Fleetwood is a coastal town in the Borough of Wyre in Lancashire, England, at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 25,939 at the 2011 census.
Fleetwood acquired its modern character in the 1830s, when the principal landowner Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, High Sheriff and MP, conceived an ambitious plan to re-develop the town to make it a busy seaport and railway spur. He commissioned the Victorian architect Decimus Burton to design a number of substantial civic buildings, including two lighthouses. Hesketh-Fleetwood's transport terminus schemes failed to materialise. The town expanded greatly in the first half of the 20th century with the growth of the fishing industry, and passenger ferries to the Isle of Man, to become a deep-sea fishing port.
Decline of the fishing industry began in the 1960s, hastened by the Cod Wars with Iceland, though fish processing is still a major economic activity in Fleetwood. The town's most significant employer today is Lofthouse of Fleetwood, manufacturer of the lozenge Fisherman's Friend which is exported around the world.[1]
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2022) |
There is evidence that the eastern side of the
A
19th century
By the 1830s, the house and estate was in the ownership of Edmund's descendant
Burton's plan was to use the largest of the
Burton designed two
Fleetwood Market, still a prominent permanent market, first opened in 1840.
By 1838, Hesketh-Fleetwood had run into serious financial difficulties, with costs for the railway in particular ultimately exceeding £300,000. He had numerous financial arguments with Frederick Kemp, who borrowed against the estate revenues to finance the expansion of the town, and was suspected of taking financial advantage of Sir Peter. Hesketh-Fleetwood became short of cash and was forced to mortgage his properties. Depressed, he gradually withdrew from the project, and by 1844 he had been obliged to sell much of his estate. He leased Rossall Hall itself to the
From the 1860s Fleetwood expanded its port activities. Steamers began pleasure and commercial services to the
By the early 1890s, the construction and expansion of rival cargo ports in the
20th century
By the 1920s, the fishing industry was at its height, employing over 9,000 people. Over the next few years, the sea front along the north shore was developed in resort fashion, to encourage visitors for whom the brashness of Blackpool was too daunting. The Marine Hall entertainment complex (1935), golf course (1931) and Model Yacht Pond (1932) all date from that era. In the 1920s, the salt works, by then owned by the United Alkali Company (after 1926, part of ICI), was considerably expanded, and became an ammonia-processing plant. ICI built an adjacent chemical processing plant, known as ICI Hillhouse. ICI became the town's third-largest employer, after the fishing and tourism industries. The first fully automated telephone exchange in Britain was put into operation to serve the town on 15 July 1922.[4]
The town was hit by a huge flood in October 1927, which put 90% of the area of the town under water. Only the higher areas around the Mount escaped. Additional housing was built in the 1920s and 1930s in the less-developed central areas of the town, and a further development boom occurred in the 1960s, in the lower lying western portion of the town (Larkholme). Many industries related to fishing grew up along the rail corridor on the eastern side of the town, and a number of unrelated industries also moved to the area to take advantage of the availability of labour.
By the 1960s, however, Fleetwood had begun to decline economically. The last ferry to the
The rise of
In 1973, the area around the old railway station was developed into a
Since the 1970s, there have been several attempts to enhance Fleetwood's economic profile, In 1995, the now-deserted Wyre Dock was developed into a marina. The derelict dock landing area was developed into Freeport, a retail centre, and housing has been built at the north end of the marina. In July 2007, a new "Masterplan" for revitalising the waterfront and town centre was submitted to the Wyre Borough Council.
In 1996, Fleetwood could be seen in "A High Profile", an episode of Hetty Wainthropp Investigates. Several buildings along The Esplanade were used, one of Fleetwood's churches and others.[7]
Governance
Since the
A Fleetwood parish council (known as Fleetwood Town Council) was established following a referendum in June 2009. The boundaries of the parish are coterminous with the boundary of the five borough council wards of Fleetwood and the town council has thirteen councillors.
In the 2010 General Election, Fleetwood was joined with Lancaster and some Over Wyre locations to form the new Lancaster and Fleetwood constituency. Conservative member Eric Ollerenshaw was elected in a tight race. From 1997 to 2010, Fleetwood was included with Thornton and parts of Blackpool, as part of the Blackpool North and Fleetwood parliamentary constituency. During that time the seat was held by Labour's Joan Humble. Prior to 1997, Fleetwood was part of the constituencies of Fylde North and Wyre, whose boundaries more closely matched those of Wyre Borough, and which consistently returned a Conservative member. In the 2015 general election a majority vote saw Fleetwood become a Labour town once again, represented by Cat Smith.
Geography
Topography
Fleetwood is in the northwest corner of the Fylde coastal plain, 8 miles (13 km) north of Blackpool, on the western side of the mouth of the River Wyre. The town is on a peninsula, almost 2 miles (3 km) wide, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea, to the north by Morecambe Bay and to the east by the River Wyre estuary. Access to Fleetwood is thus restricted, and for many years there were only two roads into and out of the town (three since 1979). A large sandbank, the North Wharf, extends some 2+1⁄4 miles (3.6 km) north into Morecambe Bay, and is exposed at low tide. The river channel forms the eastern boundary of the bank. Together with the larger Bernard Wharf on the other side of the river, this makes navigation of the river difficult. Conversely, the port is highly sheltered from the prevailing westerly winds.
Like the remainder of the Fylde, the land is extremely flat, the highest point being the Mount, the large sand dune in the northern part of the town, from which the original street plan radiated. Parts of Fleetwood, especially to the north and west, are barely above sea level at high tide, and a large retaining sea wall runs along much of the western edge of the town. Nevertheless, Fleetwood was flooded in 1927 and again in 1977. The latter flood, although much smaller, affected more properties as there had been considerable development in the 1960s in the lower-lying parts of the town. The soil is broadly sandy, but there is considerable marshland to the south and east, by the river. The town itself encompasses an area of just under 4 square miles (10 km2).
Climate
In common with the rest of the coastal areas of the UK, Fleetwood has a maritime climate. Prevailing winds and weather patterns are northwesterly, leading to a slightly higher average precipitation than the country as a whole, although the absence of high ground in the immediate vicinity moderates this. As with most coastal areas, frost and snow are uncommon. Temperatures are close to the national average.[8]
Climate data for Fleetwood, England, United Kingdom | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17 (63) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
10 (50) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 81.1 (3.19) |
58.7 (2.31) |
68.3 (2.69) |
48.9 (1.93) |
49 (1.9) |
59.8 (2.35) |
59.5 (2.34) |
73.4 (2.89) |
82.5 (3.25) |
97.9 (3.85) |
94 (3.7) |
98.3 (3.87) |
871.3 (34.30) |
Source: UK Met. Office[9] |
Demography
At the
At the 2001 census, Wyre Borough is 98.8% White in ethnic makeup. The remainder is split between
In June 2020 a meeting in support of the Black Lives Matter movement was planned. However, after an online backlash from Wyre Alliance councillors and locals the gathering was cancelled.[12]
Economy
Fleetwood's economy still revolves around the traditional areas of fishing, tourism, port activity and light industry, but since the early 1970s the town has continued to struggle economically. A
The same government report noted that the demise of the fishing industry cost Fleetwood some 8,000 jobs, employment in fishing-related industries falling from 9,000 to less than 1,000, mostly in the fish-processing sector. The closure of the ICI Hillhouse works cost the region a further 4,500 jobs. Industrial and commercial development has been at a standstill for fifteen years and only a single commercial employer based in the town has more than 200 employees. The stock of both commercial and residential property is in decline.[13]
While Wyre Borough in general has a lower unemployment rate than the rest of the United Kingdom, Fleetwood's is considerably higher. Using figures indicating benefit claimants as a percentage of total population (usually considered to be about half the 'actual' unemployment rate)[14] the figures for August 2007 are:[15]
Male | Female | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3.2% | 1.4% | 2.3% |
Lancashire | 2.6% | 1.0% | 1.8% |
Wyre | 1.8% | 0.8% | 1.3% |
Fleetwood | 3.9% | 1.4% | 2.7% |
Average
Average household income in £ | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | 33,700 |
Lancashire | 31,200 |
Wyre | 30,900 |
Fleetwood | 27,350 |
The town's largest and most prominent single employer is Lofthouse's of Fleetwood Ltd., manufacturers of Fisherman's Friend—a menthol lozenge popular worldwide and especially in Japan.
In July 2007, a new "Masterplan" for revitalizing the town around a "vibrant waterfront and a revitalised town centre" was submitted to the Wyre Borough Council. Some of the funding would come from an EU cash grant. The Masterplan was funded by Wyre Council, the
- Transport: Improvements to the A585 link road. Restoration of the railway link including a new railway station in Fleetwood. Improved links to the riverside coastal paths and Fleetwood Marsh Nature Reserve.[17]
- "Seafront scene transformation": new waterfront environment with housing, beach sports, family area and bigger entertainment attractions. The original plan placed housing on land opposite the Mount Hotel on land currently used as a nine-hole pitch and putt course, but, after opposition from residents, this part of the plan was dropped.[18] The waterfront would have a discovery and entertainment centre focused around a re-fashioned Marine Hall, with better health and fitness facilities nearby.[17]
- "Attractive new look for centre": the Masterplan includes plans for more open spaces and more national name shops on Lord Street, with Albert Square and Station Road earmarked as public squares. A new landmark square and heart of the town is proposed on both Lord Street and London Street with cafes, bars and restaurants.[17]
Culture
Tourism and amenities
The town's most prominent feature is the Mount, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) park facing the sea-front, laid out by Decimus Burton, and built on a large sand dune originally known as Tup's Hill. It is surmounted by a
The 13 hectares of Fleetwood Memorial Park was developed out of the earlier Warrenhurst Park, itself an early-C20 park designed by Thomas Lumb of Blackpool. In 1917 the park was renamed "Memorial Park" in memory of those who died in the
In the early 1900s the park was home to a boating lake and the current facilities include three crown green bowling greens, a children's play area and picnic area, cenotaph memorial, duck pond, football pitches (on the site of the old boating lake) and tennis courts.
Fleetwood has two prominent retail locations.
Museums
Fleetwood Museum stands on Queen's Terrace. The building, designed by Decimus Burton, was completed in 1836 and is the oldest surviving building in Fleetwood. It was originally the Customs House, and from 1889 to 1974 it served as Fleetwood Town Hall, until local government activity was moved to Poulton. It was designated as the town's museum in 1992. The museum tells the story of the fishing industry in the town.[27][28] In January 2006, the museum was threatened with closure by owners Lancashire County Council (LCC).[29] However, volunteers helped re-launch the museum in April 2007, setting up the Fleetwood Museum Trust to run the museum in partnership with LCC for twelve months with the intention of the trust eventually running the museum themselves.[30] The museum also operates the Jacinta, the town's "heritage trawler", stationed in the Wyre Dock Marina and open for public viewing throughout the year.[31] Built in 1972, it was moved to Hull in 1982, before being handed over to the Jacinta Charitable Trust in 1995 when restoration work began on the trawler.[32] Unfortunately Jacinta was too badly off for Economical Repair & was Cut up for Scrap in June / July / Aug 2019 .
Churches
Fleetwood's parish church,
Other buildings
Numerous other buildings designed by Decimus Burton remain in the town. Prominent are the
Media
Fleetwood Weekly News[35] covers the town and the North Fylde Area. The newspaper was founded in 1984 as a successor to the Fleetwood Chronicle, which had ceased publication several weeks earlier.[36] The Chronicle itself, founded in 1843, was the oldest newspaper in the Fylde. Daily newspaper coverage is provided by the Blackpool Gazette. Both papers are published by Johnston Press, as is the Lancashire Evening Post, a daily newspaper covering the county of Lancashire.
Fleetwood falls within the coverage area of
Independent television service is provided by ITV Granada, the ITV franchise holder for the North West region. BBC North West is the regional BBC station serving Fleetwood.
Festivals
Fylde Folk Festival[37] is held each year at the Marine Hall and other venues in the town. It is a festival of traditional and contemporary folk music, song and dance. The festival has been held continuously since 1971.[38] The opening concert was staged each year onboard Jacinta, the town's heritage trawler, however due to the vessels general poor state of repair, this is no longer the case.[38][39]
Another annual music festival, originating in 2005, is Fleetwoodstock, named after the famous New York
The now annual Yuto Fest, which was first held in 2011, also takes place at the Marine Hall. Yuto Fest is a charity festival featuring local bands that was set up by Daz Rice of Kiss of the Gypsy and is a legacy for his three-year-old son Yuto Rice who died in 2012 after battling a heart condition.[41]
Fleetwood Transport Festival, also known as Tram Sunday, has been held annually on the third Sunday of July since 1985. It is a festival of vintage vehicles highlighted by a number of historical tram-cars, which parade along Lord Street.[42][43]
Fleetwood Beer & Cider Festival is held in February each year and is organised by the Blackpool, Fylde and Wyre branch of CAMRA. The festival offers a choice of around 100 real ales as well as a selection of ciders and foreign beers.[44]
Music
The young John Lennon spent his childhood summer holidays in Fleetwood with a cousin who lived in the town, returning to the town on 25 August 1962 when the Beatles played at the Marine Hall.[45][46][47][48] Operatic tenor Alfie Boe grew up in Fleetwood[49][50] and his first public performance was at the Marine Hall at the age of 14, where he worked as a stage technician.[51] Operatic mezzo-soprano Jean Rigby was also born in Fleetwood.[52]
The best-known rock bands to feature musicians from Fleetwood are television talking head
Musicians from One Way System, UFX and Kiss of the Gypsy combined in 2011 to release a gothic psychobilly album as Boneyard Zombies[55][61] and in 2014 the debut release by rock and roll garage band The Crawlin' Hex, formed by members of Earthling Society and UFX received a series of positive reviews.[62][63][64]
Another influential Fleetwood musician is folk singer Alan Bell, the founder and director of the internationally renowned Fylde Folk Festival which ran for 42 years until Bell's retirement in 2014.[65] Bell's suite The Band in the Park won the prestigious Radio Italia prize for Broadcasting for BBC Radio Lancashire and resulted in a BBC2 Television programme devoted to Bell – Alan Bell: The Man and His Music.[66][67] The festival is to be superseded in 2015 by the New Folk 'n' Roots Festival.[68] Stuart Chatwood of Canadian rock band the Tea Party was also born in Fleetwood.[69]
Sport
Fleetwood has had several
A previous incarnation of Fleetwood Town F.C. enjoyed a brief history from 1977, reaching the final of the FA Vase in 1985, before being wound up because of financial difficulties in 1996.[70] The same fate also befell the two previous town clubs. Fleetwood F.C. was founded in 1908 and wound up in 1976, having been several times Lancashire Combination cup champions in the 1930s, and founder members of the Northern Premier League in 1968.[70] Fleetwood Rangers, the town's first club, spent ten seasons in the Lancashire League and Lancashire Combination from 1889 to 1899.[73] Since 1939, home games have been played at Highbury Stadium. Blackpool Reserves also use the stadium for their home matches.
In January 1938, Jimmy Hampson, who remains Blackpool's record goalscorer, drowned off the Fleetwood coast during a fishing trip. The yacht on which he was sailing collided with a trawler and Hampson, 31, was knocked overboard. He drowned, and his body was never recovered.[74]
Speedway racing was staged at Highbury Stadium from 1948 to 1952, with Fleetwood Flyers riding in the Second Division of the National Speedway league.[75][76] The Flyers started the 1948 season as Wigan RLFC but moved to Fleetwood after racing a few away fixtures billed as Wigan. The Flyers raced in the National League Division Two from 1948 to 1951 without enjoying any great success. In 1952 the venue staged a number of open events with the team renamed the Fleetwood Knights.[77]
Fleetwood Rugby Union Football Club is an amateur rugby union club, first registered in 1932 as Fleetwood Old Boys, with the Old Boys title being dropped in the 1950s.[78] Fleetwood Cricket Club, based at Broadwater, are affiliated with the Lancashire Cricket Board and compete in the Northern League.[79]
From the 1930s to the present, the Model Yacht Pond, one of Europe's largest, has been host to numerous national and international championships, held under the aegis of the Fleetwood Model Yacht and Power Boat Club.[80]
Fleetwood Reservoir on Copse Road provides coarse fishing facilities. The fishing club is affiliated to the National Federation of Anglers. Matches take place every Sunday and Friday during the summer months.
Fleetwood is a popular location for
Health
Fleetwood has suffered severe unemployment due to the collapse of the fishing industry and the closure of a local ICI factory. Unemployment adversely affected health and life expectancy in the town. There has been a local initiative, Healthier Fleetwood, based on social prescribing, to encourage residents to take control of their lives and take action to live healthier lives. This initiative had some degree of success. The number of Fleetwood residents at Blackpool's A&E has dropped by 11.5% in a year. There are suggestions it should be copied in other areas with similar problems.[82]
Transport
Fleetwood lies at the northern end of the
There are frequent passenger ferry sailings from Fleetwood across the River Wyre to Knott End-on-Sea via the Wyre Estuary Ferry.
Passenger sailings to
The town being built on a peninsula, for many years there were only two roads into and out of Fleetwood: Broadway, through Cleveleys, designated as the A587, and Fleetwood Road, through Thornton, designated as the A585. To cater for container traffic, Amounderness Way was built in the late 1970s and re-designated as the A585. In the 1990s, Amounderness Way was extended further into the town to the end of Dock Street (the entrance to the Freeport shopping village) along the former railway bed.
The town was for several years the northern Fylde terminus of the
Education
The only tertiary educational institution in Fleetwood is the Nautical Campus of Blackpool and The Fylde College, located at Broadwater.
Fleetwood has seven public sector primary schools. Chaucer Community Primary School serving the southern part of the town and formed in 2006 from a merger of two existing schools.
The town is also home to a large public library, which as well as lending print and audio-visual material also has an extensive reference and local studies collection.[95]
Notable people
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2011) |
- cardinal.
- Alfie Boe (b. 1973) – Operatic tenor
- Decimus Burton (1800–1881) – architect, friend of Peter Hesketh and designer of Fleetwood
- videogamesoundtrack composer
- Jane Couch (b. 1968) – former Women's International Boxing Federation welterweight champion
- Kelsey-Beth Crossley (b. 1992) – Emmerdale actress
- James Dollins, footballer
- Dan Forshaw (b. 1981) – jazz musician
- Julia Grant – transgender activist, grew up in Fleetwood as George Roberts and later star of BBC documentary A Change of Sex[96]
- developer and Member of Parliament, best known as the founder of Fleetwood
- Syd Little (b. 1942) – part of comedy duo Little and Large along with Eddie Large
- China Inland Mission missionary to XinjiangProvince
- Wes Newton (b. 1977) – Professional darts player, born in Blackpool, now resides in Fleetwood
- linguist, philosopher, and writer. Inventor and propagator of Basic English.
- Billy Porter (1905–1946) – former professional footballer
- Jean Rigby (b. 1961) – Operatic mezzo-soprano
- John Robb (b. 1961) – musician and writer
- Billy Ronson (1957–2015) – former professional footballer
- Frank Searle (1921–2005) – Loch Ness photo hoaxer
- George Smith (1921–2013) – former professional footballer for Manchester City
- Harry Stirzaker (1869–1948) – former professional footballer for Blackpool
See also
References
- ^ "Export growth boosts Fisherman's Friend producer". Insider Media Ltd. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ^ "Unearthing secret of Fylde's iron age". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 12 November 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
- ^ ISBN 0-7190-5170-3. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
- British Telecom. Archived from the originalon 14 October 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
- ^ "LarneFleetwood at 30". Larne Ferry Web. 26 March 2005. Archived from the original on 20 September 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2007.
- ^ a b "Fleetwood to Larne ferry to stop sailing". BBC News. 2 December 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
- ^ Film locations of Hetty Wainthropp Investigates Retrieved 29 August 2017
- ^ "Met Office – Mapped Averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
- ^ "Blackpool 1971–2000 averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
- ^ "Population and Growth". Wyre Borough Council. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ^ "Lancashire Profile". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2007.
- ^ "Black Lives Matter protest cancelled over safety fears after backlash". 11 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Memorandum by Wyre Borough Council (CT 49)". Select Committee on Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions. 18 April 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Lancashire Profile". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2007.
- ^ "County Profile". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2007.
- ^ "Lancashire Profile". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2007.
- ^ a b c d "Your Chance to Shape the Future". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 7 September 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Beach housing development idea scrapped". Fleetwood Weekly News. Johnston Press. 19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
- ^ "Visiting Fleetwood". Fleetwoodi. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ "Marine Hall the Waterfront Venue". Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ "No-one Has Come Up With a Better Scheme". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 14 July 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ "Historic pier destroyed in fire". BBC News. 9 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Fleetwood Pier to be demolished". Wyre Borough Council. 26 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
- ^ "Fleetwood Pier will not be rebuilt". Fleetwood Weekly News. 12 October 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
- ^ "Shopping Mecca a Huge Boost For Jobs". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Fleetwood Market". Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ "Lancashire Museums, Fleetwood Museum: A Voyage of Discovery". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Fleetwood Museum". Fleetwood Museum Trust. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Museum Fate Could Lead to Paintings Row". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 30 January 2006. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Back To Future With Museum's Website". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 6 April 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Fleetwood Museums: Netting the Bay: Trawlers — Fishing". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Jacinta Welcomes Public From Friday". Fleetwood Weekly News. Johnston Press. 4 April 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "St Peter's Fleetwood". Lancashire Churches. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ "St Nicholas Fleetwood". Lancashire Churches. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ "Fleetwood Weekly News". Johnston Press. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ "Guide to the Local Collections – Fleetwood". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ "fylde-folk-festival". 9 September 2014. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ a b "What's on in September". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 22 August 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Fylde Folk Festival". Fylde Folk Festival. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
- ^ "Fleetwoodstock". Retrieved 8 June 2010.
- ^ "Yutofest". Fleetwood Weekly News. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
- ^ "Fleetwood Transport Festival Official Website". 2009. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- ^ "Fleetwood Festival of Transport (Tram Sunday)". Fleetwood Chamber of Trade & Commerce. 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- ^ "Blackpool Fylde and Wyre CAMRA". Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "John Lennon's a regular holidays in Fleetwood". triumphpc.com. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Fleetwood where he regularly visited his cousin Stanley Parkes". johnlennonforever.com ... Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "John Lennon also spent his childhood holidays in Fleetwood, returning here on 25 August 1962". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Live: Marine Hall Ballroom, Fleetwood – The Beatles Bible". beatlesbible.com. 26 August 1962. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Biography". alfie-boe.com. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "express.co.uk Alfie Boe working class hero". Daily Express. 22 November 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Alfie Boe revisits Marine Hall for the South Bank Show". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Rigby, Jean | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
- ^ Onewaysystem.co.uk One Way System official website Archived 22 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ discogs.com One Way System – Give Us a Future
- ^ a b "Monster article". Weekly News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Julian Cope album of the month". Julian Cope presents Head Heritage. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Prog Archives Earthling Society discography". Retrieved 30 October 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "...in 1991, five local lads from Fleetwood, Lancashire landed a record deal... with Atlantic Records". Skiddle.com. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Ex-U.K. Subs members". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ best punk drummers poll Archived 29 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ghouls article". Evening Gazette. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "The Crawlin' Hex define classic psychedelia with their version of "I'm A Living Sickness"". Terrascope Review of Postcards From The Deep. terrascope.co.uk Review. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "The Crawlin' Hex offer the first twist into darker territory". Sunrise Oceanbender Review of Postcards From The Deep. sunriseoceanbender.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "A dark and atmospheric piece in which gothic rock meets surf meets psychedelia". Bliss Aquamarine Review of Postcards From The Deep. blissquamarine.net. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "The FINAL Fylde Folk Festival ???". folkrootslist.co.uk listing. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Mally's Traditional Music Store". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Alan Bell – The Definitive Collection". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ^ "New Folk n Roots Festival newsletter" (PDF). folkimages.com document. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ "Composer Inon Zur and Stuart Chatwood – Interview at Tracksounds (2008)". Tracksounds.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ a b c "Club History". Fleetwood Town Football Club. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Pondy the world record breaker!". Fleetwood Town Football Club. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Towns with Teams in the Premiership & Football League 2011–12". lovemytown.co.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Fleetwood Rangers". Football Club History Database. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
- ^ "The legend of Jimmy Hampson" – Seasiders.net
- ^ "Fleetwood Town's Stand Hit By Hold-up". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 3 October 2006. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Motorbiking Ace Dies at 90". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 8 August 2003. Archived from the original on 17 August 2003. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "The Speedway Researcher, Fleetwood". The Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "History of the club". Fleetwood Rugby Union Football Club. Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "About Us". Fleetwood Cricket Club. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Club History Page". Fleetwood Model Yacht and Power Boat Club. Archived from the original on 7 September 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
- ^ "Kitesurf school". Hangtime Kites. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2008.
- ^ Can you turn around the health of an entire town? BBC
- ^ "Metro CoastLines". Blackpool Transport Services Ltd. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
- ^ "Fleetwood railway line - Reopening feasibility study". Lancashire County Council. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Welcome to Rossall School's Website". Rossall School. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
- ^ "Fleetwood High School". Fleetwood High School. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "School changes its name... again". Blackpool Gazette. Johnston Press. 20 September 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
- ^ "Welcome to Cardinal Allen Catholic High School". Cardinal Allen Catholic High School. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
- ^ "Chaucer School". Chaucer School. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
- ^ Barnes, Michael. "Flakefleet Primary School". Flakefleet Primary School. Archived from the original on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
- ^ "Charles Saer Community Primary School". Charles Saer Community Primary School. Archived from the original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ "Larkholme Primary School". Larkholme Primary School. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
- ^ "St Mary's Catholic Primary School". St Mary's Catholic Primary School. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
- ^ "St Wulstan's and St Edmund's Catholic Primary School". St Wulstan's and St Edmund's Catholic Primary School. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
- ^ "Welcome to the Library and Information Service web site – Fleetwood Home Page". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
- TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 6 February 2019.