Vlaams Belang
This article needs to be updated.(July 2022) |
Flemish Interest Vlaams Belang | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | VB |
Leader | Tom Van Grieken |
Founded | 14 November 2004 |
Preceded by | Vlaams Blok |
Headquarters | Madouplein 8 1210 Brussels |
Youth wing | Vlaams Belang Jongeren |
Membership (2021) | 22,194[1] |
Ideology | Flemish nationalism Right-wing populism |
Political position | Right-wing[2][3][4][5] to far-right[15] |
Regional affiliation | None |
European affiliation | Identity and Democracy Party |
European Parliament group | Identity and Democracy |
Francophone counterpart | Chez Nous |
Colours | |
Slogan | "Our people first" (Dutch: «Eerst onze mensen») |
Chamber of Representatives | 18 / 87 (Flemish seats) |
Senate | 7 / 35 (Flemish seats) |
Flemish Parliament | 23 / 124 |
Brussels Parliament | 1 / 17 (Flemish seats) |
European Parliament | 3 / 12 Flemish seats) |
Flemish Provincial Councils | 24 / 175 |
Benelux Parliament | 2 / 21 |
Website | |
www.vlaamsbelang.org | |
Vlaams Belang (Dutch:
Vlaams Belang is a rebrand of
Like Vlaams Blok, Vlaams Belang was initially popular with the Flemish electorate and was one of the most successful national-populist parties in Europe. However, from 2008 the party experienced a downturn in support and membership which coincided with internal disputes within the party and the rise of the more moderate nationalist New Flemish Alliance which also supports Flemish independence. Under the current leadership of Tom Van Grieken, the VB has begun to regain popular support and made a comeback during the 2019 federal elections. Following the election, there has been some media speculation that the cordon sanitaire on the party may be lifted for the first time.[23]
History
Background, Vlaams Blok
The direct predecessor of the Vlaams Belang was the Vlaams Blok, which was formed by the nationalist right-wing and national conservative faction within the People's Union (Volksunie, VU) which had emerged in the late 1970s. The ideology of the Vlaams Blok started out with its radical nationalist rejection of the People's Union compromise on the Flemish autonomy issue, and later increasingly focused on immigration and security, exploitation of political scandals, and defense of traditional values.[24] The immigration positions of the Vlaams Blok were subject to much controversy, particularly after the party released its 70-point plan, and the Vlaams Blok was forced to disband in 2004 after being found to sanctioned illegal discrimination.[25] By then, the party was the most popular Flemish party, supported by about one in four of the Flemish electorate,[26] and was one of the most successful parties considered to be right-wing populist in Europe as a whole.[27]
In Belgium in 2001, Roeland Raes, the ideologue and vice-president of Vlaams Blok, gave an interview on Dutch TV where he cast doubt over the number of Jews murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust. In the same interview he questioned the scale of the Nazis' use of gas chambers and the authenticity of Anne Frank's diary. In response to the media assault following the interview, Raes was forced to resign his position but vowed to remain active within the party.[28]
Upon complaints filed by the governmental
Vlaams Belang (2004–2008)
After the Supreme Court ruling, the leadership of the VB seized the occasion to dissolve itself, and start afresh under a new name.[31] On 14 November, the Vlaams Blok thus disbanded itself, and the Vlaams Belang was established. Other proposed names had included the Flemish People's Party and Flemish Freedom Front.[32] The Vlaams Belang instituted a number of changes in its political program, carefully moderating or discarding some of the more radical positions of the former Vlaams Blok.[33] Nevertheless, the party leader Frank Vanhecke made it clear that the party would fundamentally remain the same; "We change our name, but not our tricks. We change our name, but not our programme."[25]
Former Vlaams Blok chairman
The VB contested the
Decline in support and internal strife (2008–2018)
In 2008,
In the 2014 federal and regional elections, the party again suffered a big loss; it was reduced to 5.9% of the Flemish vote. The European list, pulled by Annemans, scored slightly better with 6.8%. Annemans resigned as party leader, a function he only performed for two years, and argued for a rejuvenation of the party. The following party chairman election was won by the only candidate, Tom Van Grieken, then 28 years old and at the time the youngest leader of a political party in Belgium.[42] After assuming leadership of the party, Van Grieken sought to soften and moderate its image further.[43]
Resurgence (2018–present)
During the
On May 26, 2019, in what was known as "Super Sunday" in Belgium (owing to the fact the Federal, Regional and European elections took place on the same day) the party made substantial gains in all three elections which some political analysts described as a significant comeback.[citation needed]
The party polled second place in the Flemish region with 18.6% of the overall vote, increasing its number of MPs in the
In response to the results, there was some speculation that the N-VA leader
Ideology
The policies of the Vlaams Belang focus mainly on the issues of Flemish independence, opposition to multiculturalism, and defence of traditional Western values.[22]
Flemish nationalism
The VB's main goal is to establish an independent Flemish republic. The party seeks a peaceful secession of Flanders from Belgium, citing in its program the dissolution of the
Domestic policies
The Vlaams Belang supports returning
Although the party almost exclusively stands in the Flemish region of Belgium, it ran a list of candidates in the Walloon Brabant electoral district in 2007 as a protest against the lack of splitting between Flemish and Francophone communities in Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde.[57]
Immigration and minorities
The Vlaams Belang official immigration policy has been slightly moderated from that of the former Vlaams Blok. In its new program, the party simply call for the repatriation of those immigrants who "reject, deny or combat" Flemish culture as well as certain European values, including
The former Vlaams Blok was, according to political scientist
Currently, the party is seen as anti-Islam,[67][68] while being strongly pro-Israel, regarding Jews and Israelis as allies against radical Islam.[69] Filip Dewinter, for example, has stated that women wearing the hijab have "effectively signed their contract for deportation."[70] In Antwerp, sections of the city's large Jewish community actively support the party, as they feel threatened by the new wave of anti-Semitism from the growing Muslim population.[71] In 2010, the party was part of a delegation to Israel (along with some other rightist parties), where they issued the "Jerusalem Declaration," which defended the right of Israel to exist and defend itself against terrorism.[72] Israeli Deputy Minister Ayoob Kara in turn visited the party in Antwerp in 2011.[73] In March 2014, a party mission headed by Dewinter visited Israel and met with Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Ofir Akunis. and Samaria Regional Council, Gershon Mesika and Yossi Dagan.[74][75]
Social issues
Like its Vlaams Blok predecessor, the Vlaams Belang was initially opposed to same-sex marriage and instead advocated civil partnerships for same-sex couples. After assuming leadership, Tom Van Grieken stated that the party had dropped its campaign against gay marriage. In 2014, the party moderated its stance and changed its policy to support same-sex marriage. This more moderate stance has not been widely accepted by all party members. On abortion the party is socially conservative.[76][77] According to Vlaams Belang abortion should only be possible when the woman's life is in danger, when the unborn child is not viable and in the case of rape.[78]
Law and order
In order to secure Flemish cities, the party wants to implement a policy of zero tolerance. It supports the abolition of the Belgian parole law, which allows convicts to be released after only one third of their prison sentence has been served. The party also opposes drug liberalization. Citing "a massive overrepresentation of immigrants in crime statistics," the party also wants to deport criminal and illegal foreigners, as well as seeking to "combat Islamic terror threat."[79]
Foreign policy
The party describes itself as pro-European in terms of protecting European culture and cooperation between nations to secure peace, but takes a strict
The VB was previously critical of imposing sanctions against Russia and was accused of fostering links to Putin's government, but following the Russian invasion of Ukraine the party's leadership have condemned the invasion and distanced itself from Putin with VB politician Filip Dewinter stating Putin had "totally lost it."[84] However, the party remains critical of the impact of sanctions on fuel prices and has criticised the extent of Belgian military support for Ukraine.[85][86]
Economy
The party's economic policy has been changed significantly from the Vlaams Blok. While the Vlaams Blok called for a rather mixed economy, the Vlaams Belang moved towards neoliberalism.[70] However, for the 2019 federal election, the party returned to a protectionist economic program.[87]
Reception and criticism
Like its predecessor, Vlaams Belang has been accused of racism and for promoting hostility and xenophobia by both French and Dutch speaking political opponents in Belgium. Some journalists and political commentators have historically been split on whether to regard the VB as a conservative movement or a party of the extreme-right, although the VB itself has disputed the latter label in recent years.[88][89][90][91] By 2021, media commentators described the party as coming to contain two wings; the more conservative salonfähige wing who want to moderate the party to break the cordon and take inspiration from other European parties and politicians such as Marine Le Pen and the French National Rally by implementing a policy of de-demonizing the party, and a more radical traditionalist wing who held ties to groups like the Order of Flemish Militants.[92]
Since its founding, most parties in Belgium have refused to cooperate with the VB and in 2004 continued the cordon sanitaire on the party in the Federal Parliament. The party itself has repeatedly denied that it is racist and believes such accusations are based on attempts to discredit the party. Politicians, like prime former Belgian minister Guy Verhofstadt (VLD) and Karel De Gucht (VLD) have called the Vlaams Belang or its leaders "fascist". However, history professor Eric Defoort has stated the use of this terminology creates "a distorted image of their antagonist, whom they can then scold with missionary zeal."[93][94]
In 2006
Although collaboration with the party still remains controversial within some political circles, more mainstream Belgian politicians have started to discuss the possibility of including the party in coalition talks and lifting the cordon sanitaire, arguing that the VB's gradual moderation and growth in support cannot be ignored and that some of the policies the party has campaigned on have since been adopted by the main parties.[23]
International relations
In the
In October 2007, the party hosted the international counter-jihad conference in the European and Flemish Parliaments in Brussels together with Edward "Ned" May of the blog Gates of Vienna, which brought together many counter-jihad ideologues including Bat Ye'or, Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer, Gerard Batten, Hans Jansen, Andrew G. Bostom, Paul Beliën, Aryeh Eldad and Lars Hedegaard.[100][101]
In the ninth European Parliament, the party sits with France's National Rally, Italy's Lega Nord, the Freedom Party of Austria, Alternative for Germany and the Conservative People's Party of Estonia in the Identity and Democracy parliamentary group.
Outside the EU, it has ties to the Israeli Likud,[102] the Swiss People's Party, the Serbian People's Party,[103] South Africa's Freedom Front Plus,[104] the US Republican Party,[105] and United Russia.[106]
Party chairmen
- 2004–2008: Frank Vanhecke
- 2008–2012: Bruno Valkeniers
- 2012–2014: Gerolf Annemans
- 2014–present: Tom Van Grieken
Faction leaders
- Party chairman: Tom Van Grieken
- Chamber of Representatives: Barbara Pas | former Dries Van Langenhove
- Senate: Guy D'haeseleer
- Flemish Parliament: Chris Janssens
- European Parliament: Gerolf Annemans
- Brussels Parliament: Dominiek Lootens-Stael
Electoral results
Note that the results also include those of the former Vlaams Blok.
Chamber of Representatives
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 799,844 | 12.0 | 17 / 150
|
1[a] | Opposition |
2010 | 506,697 | 7.8 | 12 / 150
|
5 | Opposition |
2014 | 247,746 | 3.7 | 3 / 150
|
9 | Opposition |
2019 | 810,177 | 11.9 | 18 / 150
|
15 | Opposition |
Senate
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 787,782 | 11.9 | 5 / 40
|
0[b] |
2010 | 491,519 | 7.6 | 3 / 40
|
2 |
2014 | 2 / 60
|
1 | ||
2019 | 7 / 60
|
5 |
Regional
Brussels Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D.E.C. | Overall | |||||
2009 | 9,072 | 17.5 (#3) | 3 / 89
|
3[c] | Opposition | |
2014 | 3,006 | 5.6 (#6) | 1 / 89
|
2 | Opposition | |
2019 | 5,838 | 8.3 (#5) | 1 / 89
|
0 | Opposition |
Flemish Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | 628,564 | 15.3 (#2) | 21 / 124
|
11[d] | Opposition |
2014 | 232,813 | 6.0 (#6) | 6 / 124
|
15 | Opposition |
2019 | 783,977 | 18.5 (#2) | 23 / 124
|
17 | Opposition |
European Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D.E.C. | Overall | ||||
2009 | 647,170 | 15.9 (#3) | 9.9 | 2 / 22
|
1[e] |
2014 | 284,891 | 6.8 (#6) | 4.3 | 1 / 21
|
1 |
2019 | 811,169 | 19.1 (#2) | 12.0 | 3 / 21
|
2 |
Representation
European politics
VB holds three seats in the
European Parliament | ||
---|---|---|
Name | In office | Parliamentary group |
Gerolf Annemans | 2014–present | Identity and Democracy |
Filip De Man | 2019–present | |
Tom Vandendriessche | 2019–present |
Federal politics
Senate (2019–2024) | |
---|---|
Type | Name |
Community senator | Anke Van dermeersch |
Community senator | Guy D'haeseleer |
Community senator | Yves Buysse |
Community senator | Klaas Slootmans |
Community senator | Leo Pieters |
Community senator | Adeline Blancquaert |
Community senator | Bob De Brabandere |
Flemish Parliament
Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels Regional Parliament (2019–2024) | |
---|---|
Name | Notes |
Dominiek Lootens-Stael |
Notes
- ^ Compared to Vlaams Blok in the 2003 federal election.
- ^ Compared to Vlaams Blok in the 2003 federal election.
- ^ Compared to Vlaams Blok in the 2004 Brussels Regional Parliament elections.
- ^ Compared to Vlaams Blok in the 2004 Flemish Parliament elections.
- ^ Compared to Vlaams Blok in the 2004 European Parliament election.
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Bibliography
- Coffé, Hilde (2005). "The adaptation of the extreme right's discourse: the case of the Vlaams Blok". Ethical Perspectives. European Centre for Ethics, .
- De Winter, Lieven (July 2004). Casals, Xavier (ed.). The Vlaams Blok and the heritage of extreme-right flemish-nationalism. The extreme right in Europe, a many faceted reality. Sabadell University.
- Erik, Jan (May 2005). "From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself". S2CID 143126680.
- Swyngedouw, Marc; Abts, Koen; Van Craaen, Maarten (2007). "Our Own People First in a Europe of Peoples: The International Policy of the Vlaams Blok". In Liang, Christina Schori (ed.). Europe for the Europeans: the foreign and security policy of the populist radical right. Ashgate. pp. 81–102. ISBN 978-0-7546-4851-2.
External links
- Media related to Vlaams Belang at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in Dutch)
- La face cachee du Vlaams Blok (The Hidden Face of the Vlaams Blok): RTBF documentary about the Vlaams Blok made in 2004 (in French)
News articles
- BBC News: Blow to Belgium's far right 9 November 2004
- The Telegraph: Flemish party banned as racist by Belgium's high court 10 November 2004.
- TIME: Life On The Front Lines: In Antwerp, the far right is facing off against muslims. Who's winning? Vol.165 No.9 | February 28, 2005.
- Haaretz: Between Haider and a Hard Place – Wednesday 31 August 2005