Florian Geyer

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Florian Geier
)
Florian Geyer
Known forLeading the Black Company during the German Peasants' War
Bornc. 1490
Giebelstadt
Died10 June, 1525 (aged 34–35)
Würzburg

Florian Geyer von Giebelstadt (also spelled Geier; c. 1490 – 10 June 1525) was a German nobleman, diplomat, and knight. He became widely known for leading peasants during the German Peasants' War.

Early life

The arms of the Geyer family: a ram's head

Florian Geyer was born around 1490 at Geyer Castle in

Henry VIII in England, where he may have been exposed to the reformist ideas of John Wycliffe and the Lollards. In 1517, after refusing to pay 350-year-old interest claims from Neumünster Collegiate Church
, Geyer was excommunicated.

In 1519, Geyer served under

Polish-Teutonic War (1519–1521). Geyer negotiated the truce which ended it. He remained in Brandenburg-Prussia
's service until 1523, travelling to various European courts on diplomatic missions.

In 1523, Geyer accompanied

Protestant reformation
, Geyer was probably won over to Luther's ideals at this meeting.

German Peasants' War

Main article: German Peasants' War

When the German Peasants' War broke out in 1524, Florian Geyer, together with a handful of low-ranking knights and several hundred hastily-trained peasant militiamen, established the Black Company (often called the Black Host or Black Band), which was possibly the only heavy cavalry division in European history to fight on the side of a peasant revolution. By checking Imperial and Protestant knights on the battlefield, the Black Company allowed preacher Thomas Müntzer and his infantry to score a string of victories in Thuringia. Geyer is reputed to have had the words "Nulla crux, nulla corona" (No cross, no crown) scratched on the blade of his sword.[1] All sides credited him with the wanton destruction of cathedrals and castles, and summary executions of the lords and priests contained therein. These destructions played a part in causing Martin Luther to side with the princes, calling on them to slaughter the rebellious peasants.

As the Peasants' War dragged on, many of the rebel peasants returned home, and most of the knights who, alongside Geyer, had joined Müntzer deserted or defected. Müntzer himself was defeated at the Battle of Frankenhausen and executed shortly afterwards.

Death

Conflicting accounts place Geyer with the company, or alone in

Battle of Ingolstadt
, he barely escaped with his life. Geyer may, however, have been stranded at Rothingen the entire time while waiting for an escort from the Black Company, which was only to be barred from entering the town. The later attempts to stamp out memory of the uprising have obscured these details.

Whether or not Geyer was at Ingolstadt, he was one of the last survivors. In the night from 9 to 10 June 1525 he was contacted in Würzburg by two servants of his brother-in-law Wilhelm von Grumbach, who had stated their intention of helping him rekindle the Peasants' War. While traveling together, they stabbed Geyer to death in the Gramschatz Forest near Würzburg. The location of his remains is unknown.

Legacy

The family of Florian Geyer died out in the early 18th century and their castle in Giebelstadt passed into other hands, but is still the site of the annual "Florian Geyer Festspiele".

Painting of Rudolf Rittner as Geyer in Hauptmann’s play.

Geyer was heralded as a communist revolutionary in Friedrich Engels' The Peasant War in Germany (1850). In this work, Engels asserts that the war was primarily a class struggle over control of farms and mines, which subverted the Biblical language and metaphors commonly understood by peasants. In this spirit, a regiment of the Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic, Grenzregiment 3 Florian Geyer, was named after him.

Geyer was also the hero of one of Gerhart Hauptmann's major plays, the historical drama Florian Geyer (1896), and the inspiration for the German folk song, "Wir sind des Geyers schwarzer Haufen" ("We are Geyer's Black Company"), with a strong anti-clerical and anti-noble theme. The song has been popularised as a union-song,[2] and is noted for its inclusion in the official songbooks of both the Nazi Party, and the German Democratic Republic.[3]

Geyer was also considered a heroic figure by

National Socialist Party. The 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer was named after him in March 1944, during World War II
.

Literature

  1. ^ Ernst Bloch, Atheism in Christianity: the religion of the Exodus and the Kingdom (Herder & Herder: New York 1972), p. 272-273.
  2. ^ tune and words, in an Australian version
  3. OCLC 874165489.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florian_Geyer&oldid=1218340390"