Flue gas
Flue gas is the
Combustion of fossil fuels is a common source of flue gas. They are usually combusted with ambient air, with the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Description
Flue gas is the
Power plants
Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at
Scrubbing
At power plants, flue gas is often treated with a series of chemical processes and
Technologies based on regenerative capture by
There are a number of proven technologies for removing pollutants emitted from power plants that are now available. There is also much ongoing research into technologies that will remove even more air pollutants.[citation needed]
Fossil fuels
Most
A typical flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuels contains very small amounts of
The steam generators in large
The total amount of wet flue gas generated by coal combustion is only 10 percent higher than the flue gas generated by natural-gas combustion (the ratio for dry flue gas is higher).
Composition of flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion
Combustion data | Fuel gas | Fuel oil | Coal |
---|---|---|---|
Fuel properties: | |||
Gross caloric value , MJ/m3
|
43.01 | ||
Gross heating value , Btu/scf
|
1,093 | ||
Gross caloric value, MJ/kg | 43.50 | ||
Gross heating value, Btu/gal[vague] | 150,000 | ||
Gross caloric value, MJ/kg | 25.92 | ||
Gross heating value, Btu/lb | 11,150 | ||
Molecular weight | 18 | ||
Specific gravity | 0.9626 | ||
Gravity, °API | 15.5 | ||
Carbon/hydrogen ratio by weight | 8.1 | ||
weight % carbon | 61.2 | ||
weight % hydrogen | 4.3 | ||
weight % oxygen | 7.4 | ||
weight % sulfur | 3.9 | ||
weight % nitrogen | 1.2 | ||
weight % ash
|
12.0 | ||
weight % moisture
|
10.0 | ||
Combustion air: | |||
Excess combustion air, % | 12 | 15 | 20 |
Wet exhaust flue gas: | |||
Amount of wet exhaust gas, m3/GJ of fuel | 294.8 | 303.1 | 323.1 |
Amount of wet exhaust gas, scf/106 Btu of fuel | 11,600 | 11,930 | 12,714 |
CO2 in wet exhaust gas, volume % | 8.8 | 12.4 | 13.7 |
O2 in wet exhaust gas, volume % | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 |
Molecular weight of wet exhaust gas | 27.7 | 29.0 | 29.5 |
Dry exhaust flue gas: | |||
Amount of dry exhaust gas, m3/GJ of fuel | 241.6 | 269.3 | 293.6 |
Amount of dry exhaust gas, scf/106 Btu of fuel | 9,510 | 10,600 | 11,554 |
CO2 in dry exhaust gas, volume % | 10.8 | 14.0 | 15.0 |
O2 in dry exhaust gas, volume % | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.7 |
Molecular weight of dry exhaust gas | 29.9 | 30.4 | 30.7 |
- m3 are standard cubic meters at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa, and scf is standard cubic feet at 60 °F and 14.696 psia.
See also
- AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
- Carbon capture and storage
- Emission standard
- Exhaust gas
- Flue gas stacks
- Flue gas to fuel
- Flue-gas desulfurization
- Integrated gasification combined cycle (often referred to as IGCC)
- Landfill gas
References
- ^ "Flue gas definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. 2022.
- ^ Fossil fuel combustion flue gases Milton R. Beychok, Encyclopedia of Earth, 2012.
- ^ "Flue gas treatment | technology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- ^ Sulfur Archived October 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine C. Michael Hogan, Encyclopedia of Earth, 2011.
- ^ "Technology - Technology and innovation - statoil.com". www.statoil.com. Archived from the original on 2009-12-16. Retrieved 2017-12-09.
- ^ Change, NASA Global Climate. "10 interesting things about air". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
- ^ Sulfur Archived October 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine C. Michael Hogan, Encyclopedia of Earth, 2011. [verification needed]
- ^ Fossil fuel combustion flue gases Milton R. Beychok, Encyclopedia of Earth, 2012. [verification needed]
- ^ "Technology - Technology and innovation - statoil.com". www.statoil.com. Archived from the original on 2009-12-16. Retrieved 2017-12-09. [verification needed]
- ^ Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. [verification needed]