Fool (stock character)
The fool is a
The Motif-Index of Folk-Literature contains a group of motifs J1700-J2799. FOOLS (AND OTHER UNWISE PERSONS).[1]
Silly fool
A silly, stupid, simpleton, luckless fool is a butt of numerous jokes and tales all over the world.
Sometimes the foolishness is ascribed to a whole place, as exemplified by the Wise Men of Gotham. The localizing of fools is common to most countries, and there are many other reputed imbecile centres in England besides Gotham. Thus there are the people of Coggeshall, Essex, the "carles" of Austwick, Yorkshire, the "gowks" of Gordon, Berwickshire, and for many centuries the charge of folly has been made against silly Suffolk and Norfolk (Descriptio Norfolciensium about twelfth century, printed in Wright's Early Mysteries and other Latin Poems).[2]
In
Subcategories
In
Numbskull/noodlehead stories are about well-meaning folks who take advice too literally to their own grievance or who find the most complicated solution to the most simple problem. However, sometimes they may end with luck ("serendipitous fool"). These can vary from an absent-minded professor (a stock character in itself) to Jack from Jack and the Beanstalk who exchanged a cow for a bean. In that, numbskull stories overlap with trickster stories, where a numbskull is often a "mark" (victim) for a trickster.[5]
Sichuan opera makes extensive use of the fool archetype, particularly in comparison to other forms of Chinese opera.[6]: 296 Fool characters appear in guises including Mangpao (the emperor's attendant), the fool in mandarin's clothes, the playboy fool, the dirty and disheveled fool, the old-fashioned fool, and the thief fool.[6]: 296 The thief fool is one of the most popular character archetypes in Sichuan opera.[6]: 296
Wise and clever fools
Many tales are based on the idea that a simple nature of a fool is a guise of wisdom, or even the wisdom itself.[4]
On the other hand, the mask of a fool may be used to utter wise but unpleasant truths. Some classify jesters into two categories: "natural fools" (people who lacked social awareness and could occasionally utter the truth simply being unaware of social conventions) and "licensed fools" (often picked to be jester for their physical handicap, and telling the truth was simply part of their "job description").[7]
In addition to jesters, naturally stupid people gave rise to other categories of respected fools, such as
Serendipitous fool
In scenarios of this kind a simpleton, a laughing stock in the end wins big, usually a princess or a kingdom, or wealth, or all the above. Brothers Grimm have three tales of a lucky simpleton. The Queen Bee, The Three Languages and The Three Feathers. In these the fool gets help from animals.[4] The luck of the Russian folk character Ivan the Fool comes from his simplicity.
Heroes, villains and fools
While some characters are archetypal fools, at the same time, the coordinates "hero/villain/fool may be seen as major measures of any character. Sometimes these traits mix or boundaries are blurred."[8]
Archetypal foolish persons
- Ivan the Fool of Russian folklore
- Głupi Jasio , Polish version of Ivan the Fool
- Hloupý Honza, Czech
Archetypal foolish groups
- Town of fools trope
- Hölmöläiset
- Molboers
- Schildbürger
- Wise Men of Chelm
- Wise men of Gotham
Racist and other discriminative joke series
- Blonde jokes
- Sardarji jokes
- Polish jokes
- East Frisian jokes
See also
- Blason populaire
- Shakespearean fool
- Feigned madness
- Fool's literature
- Foolishness for Christ
- Idiot savant
- Švejk, a merry simpleton who often outwits the better ones.[9]
- Guru Paramartha, a foolish fictional Buddhist monk
References
- ^ Seth Thompson, Motif-index of folk-literature : a classification of narrative elements in folktales, ballads, myths, fables, medieval romances, exempla, fabliaux, jest-books, and local legends. J. THE WISE AND THE FOOLISH
- ^ Alfred Stapleton, All about the Merry Tales of Gotham (Kessinger Publishing, 2005), p. 10.
- ^ G. Seal, Encyclopedia of folk heroes (ABC-CLIO, 2001), pp. 272-3
- ^ a b c Stock Figures in Jewish Folklore: Universal Yet Uniquely Jewish, by Solveig Eggerz (retrieved January 24, 2014)
- ^ Martha Hamilton and Mitch Weiss, an introduction to "Noodlehead Stories: World Tales Kids Can Read And Tell", as cited in Storytelling for Young Adults: A Guide to Tales for Teens
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4780-1121-7.
- ISBN 0521847915, p. 7
- ^ Orrin Edgar Klapp, "Heroes, Villains, and Fools: The Changing American Character", 1962
- ISBN 9789637326271. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
Further reading
- Guru Paramartha, a simpleton guru devised by Italian missionary Constanzo Beschi (1680–1742) for Tamils