Forceps
Forceps (pl.: forceps[1][2] or considered a plural noun without a singular, often a pair of forceps;[3][4] the Latin plural forcipes is no longer recorded in most dictionaries)[1][2][3][4] are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Forceps are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task. The term "forceps" is used almost exclusively in the fields of biology and medicine.[citation needed] Outside biology and medicine, people usually refer to forceps as tweezers, tongs, pliers, clips or clamps.
Mechanically, forceps employ the principle of the lever to grasp and apply pressure.
Depending on their function, basic surgical forceps can be categorized into the following groups:
- Non-disposable forceps. They should withstand various kinds of physical and chemical effects of body fluids, secretions, cleaning agents, and sterilization methods.
- Disposable forceps. They are usually made of lower-quality materials or plastics which are disposed after use.
There are two basic types of forceps: non-locking (often called "thumb forceps" or "pick-ups") and locking, though these two types come in dozens of specialized forms for various uses.[citation needed] Non-locking forceps also come in two basic forms: hinged at one end, away from the grasping end (colloquially such forceps are called tweezers) and hinged in the middle, rather like scissors. Locking forceps are almost always hinged in the middle, though some forms place the hinge very close to the grasping end. Locking forceps use various means to lock the grasping surfaces in a closed position to facilitate manipulation or to independently clamp, grasp or hold an object.
Thumb forceps
Thumb forceps, known simply as forceps in
Thumb forceps can have smooth tips, cross-hatched tips or serrated tips (often called "mouse's teeth"). Common arrangements of teeth are 1×2 (two teeth on one side meshing with a single tooth on the other), 7×7 and 9×9. Serrated forceps are used on tissue; counter-intuitively, teeth will damage tissue less than a smooth surface because one can grasp with less overall pressure. Smooth or cross-hatched forceps are used to move dressings, remove sutures and similar tasks.
Locking forceps
Locking forceps, sometimes called clamps, are used to grasp and firmly hold objects or
The most common locking mechanism is a handle ratchet, which consists of an asymmetrically serrated short protrusion near the finger loop of one of the handles, and a corresponding hook on the other. As the forceps are closed, the opposing teeth engage and interlock, keeping the handles adducted and the jaw surfaces clamped constantly. To unlock, a simple shearing push by the fingers is all that is needed to disengage the teeth and allow the grasping ends to move apart.
Kelly forceps
Kelly forceps are a type of
Other medical forceps
Other types of forceps include:
- Alligator forceps
- Anesthesia forceps, often with smooth jaw surface for clamping double-lumen tube
- Artery forceps, also known as a hemostat
- Atraumatic forceps, Debaker forceps
- Biopsy forceps
- Bone-cutting forceps
- Bone-reduction forceps
- Bone-holding forceps
- Bulldog forceps
- Catheter forceps
- Cilia forceps
- Curettes forceps
- Debaker forceps
- Dermal forceps & nippers
- Dressing forceps
- Ear forceps
- Eye forceps
- Gallbladder forceps
- Gerald forceps
- Harvey forceps
- Hemostatic forceps
- Hysterectomy forceps
- Intestinal forceps
- Magill forceps
- Microsurgery forceps
- Nasal forceps
- Needle holder
- Obstetrical forceps
- Postmortem forceps
- Splinter forceps
- Sponge forceps
- Spreading forceps
- Sterilizer forceps
- Suture sundries forceps
- Tenaculum forceps
- Thoracic forceps
- Thoracic surgical forceps
- Thumb forceps
- Tissue forceps
- Tongue forceps
- Tooth extracting forceps
- Tubing forceps
- Uterine forceps
- Vulsellum forceps - used to grasp cervical lips to visualize the cervix.
References
- ^ a b "forceps". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ^ a b "forceps". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ^ Cambridge English Dictionary. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ^ a b "forceps - Definition of forceps in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ^ Scientific American inventions and discoveries By Rodney P. Carlisle.