Foreign and intergovernmental relations of Puerto Rico
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2013) |
The
At the local level, Puerto Rico established through a domestic law that its foreign affairs must be managed by the
In a similar fashion, the
In terms of leadership, the Administration is headed by a
History
Prior to the arrival of Spaniards, the natives of Puerto Rico, the
Upon the arrivals of Spaniards in 1493, Puerto Rico opened up to both the New and the Old World, establishing trading routes with North, Central and South America, as well as routes with Spain, Portugal and Africa. Trading of vegetables, fruits, slaves, and minerals became an integral part of Puerto Rico's international development afterwards.
After Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris, the United States and Puerto Rico began a long-standing metropolis-colony relationship.[5] It is at this time that Puerto Rico became subject to the Commercial and Territory Clause of the U.S. Constitution, clauses that restrict how and with whom can Puerto Rico engage internationally.[b] The territory also became, as a byproduct, subject to the different treaties and trade agreements ratified by the United States.
In 1920, after the enactment of the
In modern times, Puerto Rico has been able to establish several treaties and trade agreements mostly with
International organizations
Puerto Rico is restricted to join
Name | Abbreviation | Category | Status | Headquartered |
---|---|---|---|---|
Caribbean Community | CARICOM | regional | observer | Georgetown, Guyana |
Caribbean Tourism Organization | CTO | tourism | observer | Bridgetown, Barbados
|
International Olympic Committee | IOC | sports | full member | Lausanne, Switzerland
|
Organization of American States | OAS | continental | observer | Washington, D.C. |
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean | ECLAC | regional | associate member[f] | Santiago, Chile
|
Puerto Rico was denied observer status by the U.S. Department of State within the
Treaties
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Trade agreements
Country | Region | Agreement | Established trade promotion office in foreign country[9] |
---|---|---|---|
Australia | Oceania | AUSFTA | No |
Bahrain | Western Asia
|
USBFTA | No |
Canada | North America | NAFTA | No |
Chile | South America | ChFTA | No |
Colombia | South America | CFTA | Yes |
Costa Rica | Central America | CAFTA | No |
Dominican Republic | Caribbean | CAFTA | Yes |
El Salvador | Central America | CAFTA | No |
Guatemala | Central America | CAFTA | No |
Honduras | Central America | CAFTA | No |
Israel | Western Asia
|
USIFTA | No |
Jordan | Western Asia
|
USJFTA | No |
Mexico | North America | NAFTA | No |
Morocco | North Africa | USMFTA | No |
Nicaragua | Central America | CAFTA | No |
Oman | Western Asia
|
OFTA | No |
Panama | Central America | PTPA | Yes |
Peru | South America | USPTPA | Yes |
Singapore | Southeast Asia | USSFTA | No |
South Korea | East Asia | KFTA
|
No |
United States | North America | NAFTA | Yes |
Military conflicts
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The
See also
Notes
- Caribbean Business (2013) "In 2003, then-U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell [...] reportedly warned of any commonwealth gesture to join international organisms as an independent entity without the approval of the U.S. State Department."[3]
- ^ Caribbean Business (2013) "An internal agency memo from a decade ago said: 'Under the U.S. Constitution, the federal government has the sole responsibility for the conduct of U.S. foreign relations, and this includes the foreign relations that relate to U.S. territories.'"[3]
- ^ 46 App. U.S. Code § 883. "No merchandise, including merchandise owned by the United States Government, a State [...], or a subdivision of a State, shall be transported by water [...] between points in the United States, including Districts, Territories, and possessions thereof embraced within the coastwise laws, either directly or via a foreign port, or for any part of the transportation, in any other vessel than a vessel built in and documented under the laws of the United States and owned by persons who are citizens of the United States [...]"
- ^ Gutierrez. "The “cabotage” laws impose significant restrictions on commerce between Puerto Rico and the U. S. mainland by requiring that merchandise and produce shipped by water between U.S. ports be shipped only on U.S.-built, U.S.- manned, U.S.-flagged, and U.S.-citizen owned vessels."[7]
- Caribbean Business (2013) "The U.S. State Department has previously given the green-light to Puerto Rico’s active participation in limited international forums."[3]
- ^ ECLAC defines an 'associate member' as a non-independent territory.
References
- ^ a b "Colombia y Puerto Rico se dan la mano". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 20, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^ Universidad ICESI. July 23, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^ Caribbean Business. August 9, 2013. Archived from the originalon 2014-01-09. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
- ^ Wines, Michael (July 26, 2019). "She's Puerto Rico's Only Link to Washington. She Could Be Its Future Governor". New York Times.
She noted that her campaign to become resident commissioner garnered more votes in 2016 than any other candidate for office in the territory.
- ^ Truman R. Clark. Puerto Rico and the United States, 1917-1933. 1975. University of Pittsburgh Press. Page 129.
- ^ "The US shipping industry is putting a multimillion dollar squeeze on Puerto Rico". Business Insider. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
- ^ Gutierrez, Elías. "Impact of the Coastwise Trade Laws on the Transportation System of the United States of America" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-02. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
- ^ LAHT [dead link]
- ^ "Puerto Rico inaugura oficina comercial en Colombia". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.